دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله تاثیر درمان خانواده بر تغییرات شدت بازی آنلاین و فعالیت مغز در نوجوانان – الزویر 2012
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اثر خانواده درمانی بر روی تغییرات در شدت بازی آنلاین و فعالیت مغزی در نوجوانان مبتلا به اعتیاد بازی آنلاین به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | اثر خانواده درمانی بر روی تغییرات در شدت بازی آنلاین و فعالیت مغزی در نوجوانان مبتلا به اعتیاد بازی آنلاین |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | The effect of family therapy on the changes in the severity of on-line game play and brain activity in adolescents with on-line game addiction |
رشته های مرتبط: | روانشناسی، روانشناسی بالینی کودک و نوجوان و روانشناسی تربیتی |
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توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت خلاصه انجام شده است. |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f400 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1. مقدمه 1.2. فعالیت مغزی مشابه در پاسخ به محبت و اعتیاد |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction 1.1. Family structure and family therapy in adolescents with addiction An association between dysfunctional family structure and adolescent substance use has been suggested by several public health studies (Frojd et al., 2007; Roustit et al., 2007). In a smoking survey involving 32,961 youth, smoking, alcohol, and drug use were associated with non-intact families (Mak et al., 2010). Moreover, a perceived lack of family closeness and love has been suggested to increase the risk of health threatening behavior, such as drug taking in adolescents (Reynolds and Rob, 1988). In a study of family factors contributing to internet addiction, Yen et al. (2007) reported that higher levels of parentadolescent conflict and lower family function were associated with internet addiction. China’s “left behind children,” due to parental migration from rural to urban areas for work, have been reported to be at increased risk of physical inactivity, internet addiction, and smoking (Gao et al., 2010). In a study of 1369 university students, Tsai et al. (2009) reported that deficient social support was a significant risk factor for internet addiction. Further, loneliness and familial discord have also been reported to lead to internet addiction (Young, 1996; Nalwa and Anand, 2003). Although there is some controversy in terms of the feasibility of providing treatment, family therapy has been suggested for patients with substance dependence (Crane, 2007; Morgan and Crane, 2010). Compared to a psychoeducational drug treatment intervention, integrated family and cognitive behavior therapy has been reported to reduce rates of marijuana use and improve problem solving and learning strategy skills in adolescents with substance dependence (Latimer et al., 2003). Parental monitoring and interest in their children has also been reported to be important for the treatment and management of adolescents with internet addiction (Lin et al., 2009). Young (2009) have emphasized that parental efforts such as limit setting with respect to playing time and switching computer usage from game playing to doing homework are important elements for the treatment of adolescent internet addiction. In addition, family therapy modified by short-term Brief Strategic Family Therapy for substance addiction is useful in reducing compulsive gaming in adolescents (Robbins et al., 2011). 1.2. Similar brain activity in response to affection and addiction In spite of results demonstrating that family therapy is effective for the treatment of adolescents with addiction, there are few published studies demonstrating brain changes induced by family focused therapy in patients with substance dependence. In contrast, there have been several studies of brain activity in response to romantic or parental love and affection. These studies have noted a correlation between stimuli depicting love or interpersonal attachment and brain activity in frontal cortex and striatum (Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Taylor et al., 2009; Frascella et al., 2010). Notably, these same brain regions also respond to drug cues in cohorts of drug dependent subjects and several investigators have noted that love and addiction share similar characteristics (Fisher et al., 2005; Frascella et al., 2010). For example, a lover’s intense interest in a preferred individual, unstable mood, craving, obsession, compulsion, distorted reality, and loss of selfcontrol parallel similar findings in drug users (Griffin-Shelley, 1991; Mellody et al., 1992). Based on the observation of increased activation in the right ventral tegmental area and right caudate nucleus in response to images of beloved others, Fisher et al. (Fisher et al., 2005) suggested that dopaminergic reward pathways may be linked to the recognition of romantic love. Compared to unfamiliar faces, increased activation in the parahippocampal gyrus, middle superior temporal gyri and middle frontal gyrus were observed in response to images of partner faces (Taylor et al., 2009). Bartels and Zeki (2004) have reported activation of the caudate nucleus in response to images depicting maternal love and romantic love in healthy subjects. Interestingly, prefrontal cortex and subcortical areas may also mediate responses to video game play (Koepp and Silver, 1998; Matsuda and Hiraki, 2006). In a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study of thirteen children and adolescents (7–14 years old), a sustained decrease of oxygenated hemoglobin in the bilateral dorsal prefrontal cortex was observed during video game play (Matsuda and Hiraki, 2006). Koepp and Silver (Koepp and Silver, 1998) have noted a release of dopamine in the thalamus during game play. Recent fMRI studies of on-line game play have suggested that the brain activation observed in response to on-line game cues may be similar to that observed in patients with substance dependence who are exposed to drug cues (Ko et al., 2009; Han et al., 2011). Ko et al. (2009) have reported that patients with on-line game addiction show increased activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus, in response to on-line game cues compared with activation patterns observed in healthy volunteers. Our previous fMRI study (Han et al., 2011) also reported that the craving for on-line game play in response to on-line game cues was associated with the beta values for clusters of activation within the left inferior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, and right thalamus in response to on-line game cues in healthy volunteers. |