مبدل DC-DC خودسازگار بر اساس عامل برای کنترل سیستم انرژی ترکیبی

Agent-Based Self-Adaptive DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Energetic System Control

چکیده

1- مقدمه

2- مدیریت توزیع انرژی در سیستم HES توسط روش MAS

3- نتایج و بحث

4- نتیجه گیری

منابع

چکیده

به طور کلی تولید منابع انرژی تجدیدپذیر به تغییرات شرایط آب و هوایی وابسته است و ارتباطی با تقاضای بار ندارد؛ در نتیجه آن ها به عنوان مولدهای (ژنراتورهای) غیرفعال (پسیو) رفتار می کنند. الکترونیک قدرت نقش مهمی در غلبه بر این محدودیت ها ایفا می کند. در این مقاله یک سیستم DC تولید انرژی ترکیبی شامل انرژی بادی/ فتوولتاییک (PV)/ هیدروژن/ باتری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است تا نقش الکترونیک قدرت در ساخت مولدهای اکتیو منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر مشخص گردد. همچنین مدیریت توزیع انرژی به منظور تعامل با عملکرد همزمان عناصر مختلف سیستم ترکیبی پیشنهاد داده شده است. علاوه بر این، این مقاله مبدل های DC-DC خود تطبیقی را پیشنهاد می دهد که توسط سیستم چند عاملی (MAS) کنترل می شوند. نتایج شبیه سازی با استفاده از شبیه سازی سیمولینک متلب به دست آمده است. روش کنترل توزیع شده با استفاده از سیستم چند عاملی توسط توسعه عامل ها تحت پلتفورم Jade انجام می شود. در عین حال میان افزار ارتباطی بین پلتفورم Jade و سیمولینک توسط MacsimJX ایجاد می شود. در نهایت عملکرد روش کنترل پیشنهادی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است.

4- نتیجه گیری

این مقاله نقش مهم الکترونیک قدرت در توسعه منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر و ادغام گسترده آن ها را نشان داده است. همچنین نشان داده شده است که چگونه الکترونیک قدرت می تواند منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر را از مولدهای پسیو به مولدهای اکتیو تبدیل کند و در نتیجه آن ها دیگر از شرایط متغیر آب و هوایی تبعیت نمی کنند و به میزان تقاضای بار در سیستم HES بستگی دارند که به دلیل سیستم ذخیره سازی و مولد توزیع است که از کنترل انتقال انرژی تبعیت می کنند. یک سیستم ذخیره سازی ترکیبی در این مقاله نشان داده شده است و یک سیستم ذخیره سازی الکترومکانیکی نیز توسط باتری و ذخیره سازی هیدروژن نشان داده شده است. روش کنترل توزیع ولتاژ باس DC در این مقاله به منظور غلبه بر محدودیت های روش های فعلی که به روش کنترل Master-Slave وابسته هستند پیشنهاد داده شده است. علاوه بر این، کنترل توزیع شده توسط سیستم MAS در این مقاله مطالعه شده است و در نتیجه کنترل خود تطبیقی الکترونیک قدرت معرفی شده است. همچنین متلب/ سیمولینک و JADE نیز پیشنهاد داده شده اند که سبب تسهیل پیاده سازی سیستم می شوند و مدل سازی سیستم HES فیزیکی در سیمولینک را امکان پذیر می سازند و عامل های کنترل در JADE برنامه نویسی می شوند.

Abstract

Abstract The renewable energy resources production is entirely correlated to the fluctuant climate conditions and does not depend on the load requirement, therefore they behave as passive generators. The power electronics play a significant role to overcome these constraints. A DC coupled wind/pv/hydrogen/battery hybrid energy system is studied to show the role of power electronics in building actives RES generators. A distributed energy management is proposed to deal with the simultaneous operations of different hybrid system components. Furthermore, this paper proposes a self-adaptive DC-DC converters control by multi agent system. The simulation results are given by Matlab Simulink. The distributed control using multi agent system is performed by developing agent under Jade platform. While the communication middleware between Jade and Simulink is carried out by MacsimJX. Finally, the performance of the proposed control has been justified.

IV- CONCLUSION

This paper has shown the significant role that plays the power electronics in the RES development and intensive integration. It is shown how the power electronics can turns the RES from passive to active generators and therefore they will no more follow the meteorological conditions and depend on the load demand in a HES thanks to the storage system and DG following an energy flow control. A hybrid storage system was presented in this paper, an electrochemical storage system is introduced by the battery and hydrogen storage is given by the FC-electrolyser conversion. A DC bus voltage distributed control was proposed in this paper to overcome the limitations of existing methods which depends on master-slave control method. Furthermore, a distributed control by MAS was studied in this paper and therefore a self-adaptive power electronic control is introduced. Finally a framework for cosimulation Matlab/Simulink and JADE was also proposed which has facilitated the implementation of the system, and enabled the physical HES modeling in Simulink and control agents are programmed in JADE.

تصویری از مقاله ترجمه و تایپ شده در نرم افزار ورد

مبدل DC-DC خودسازگار بر اساس عامل برای کنترل سیستم انرژی ترکیبی

Agent-Based Self-Adaptive DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Energetic System Control

کنترل اجماع مقیاس پذیر مبنی بر حالت لغزشی ∞H برای سیستم های چندعاملی خطی با اختلال ها

H∞ sliding mode based scaled consensus control for linear multi-agent systems with disturbances

چکیده

1- مقدمه

2- فرمول بندی مساله

2-1- نظریه گراف جبری

2-2- توصیف مدل

3- نتایج اصلی

3-1- کنترل پسخورد حالت توزیع شده مبتنی بر SMC ∞H

3-2- کنترل پسخورد خروجی توزیع شده مبتنی بر SMC ∞H

3-3- توسعه SMC ∞H توزیع شده به سیستم های چند عاملی تحت توپولوژی سوئیچینگ

4- نتایج عددی

5- نتیجه گیری

منابع

چکیده

این مقاله مشکل کنترل اجماع مقیاس پذیر سیستم های چند عاملی شبکه ای به همراه پویایی (دینامیک) اتصال خطی و اختلال های خارجی را مورد مطالعه قرار می دهد. روش کنترل حالت لغزشی (SMC) توزیع شده ∞H مبتنی بر پسخورد (فیدبک) حالت اولین بار با طراحی تابع لغزشی از نوع یکپارچه ایجاد شده است و وضعیت نابرابری ماتریس خطی (LMI) ارائه شده است که می تواند حالت های تمامی عامل هایی را مشخص نماید که به اجماع مقیاس پذیر با شاخص تضعیف اختلال ∞H بر روی سطح لغزشی دست می یابند. قانون SMC تطبیقی توزیع شده به همراه قانون تطبیقی به روز شده پیشنهاد داده شده است به طوری که سطح لغزشی قابل دستیابی است. سپس پسخورد خروجی مبتنی بر H∞ SMC با طراحی مشاهده کننده توزیع شده در نظر گرفته می شود و یک قانون SMC برای دستیابی به حرکت (جنبش) مبتنی بر تخمین های حالت مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. یک LMI مبتنی بر شرایط کافی برای اجماع مقیاس پذیر به همراه شاخص تضعیف اختلال ∞H کل سیستم حلقه بسته استخراج شده است. در نهایت، H∞ SMC توزیع شده پیشنهادی برای حل مساله کنترل اجماع مقیاس پذیر مربوط به سیستم های چند عاملی شبکه ای تحت توپولوژی سوئیچینگ توسعه داده شده است. همچنین یک مثال نیز برای نمایش اثربخشی روش های پیشنهادی ارائه شده است.

5- نتیجه گیری

این مقاله مساله کنترل اجماع مقیاس پذیر مربوط به سیستم های چند عاملی شبکه ای همراه با پویایی ارتباط خطی و اختلال های خارجی را مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. طراحی H∞ SMC سنتی به طراحی H∞ SMC توزیع شده توسعه داده شده است تا اجماع مقیاس پذیر مقاوم به ترتیب تحت توپولوژی ثابت جهت دار و توپولوژی سوئچینگ حل شود که در آن هر دو طراحی پسخورد حالت توزیع شده و پسخورد خروجی توزیع شده ایجاد شده است. با استفاده از نظریه پایداری لیاپانوف و تکنیک LMI، به ترتیب تابع لغزشی یکپارچه ایجاد می شود و قانون SMC توزیع شده ساخته می شود که می تواند تضمین نماید که حالت های تمامی عامل ها می توانند بر روی سطح لغزشی رانده شوند و به اجماع مقیاس پذیر به همراه شاخص تضعیف اختلال H∞ دست می یابند.

Abstract

This paper studies the scaled consensus control problem of networked multi-agent systems with linear coupling dynamics and external disturbances. A state feedback based distributed H∞ sliding mode control (SMC) approach is firstly established by designing integral-type sliding function, and a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based sufficient condition is given, which can guarantee the states of all agents achieving scaled consensus with H∞ disturbance attenuation index on sliding surface. A distributed adaptive SMC law with adaptive updated law is proposed such that the sliding surface is reachable. Then, the output feedback based distributed H∞ SMC is considered by designing distributed observer, and a SMC law is synthesized for the reaching motion based on the state estimates. A LMI based sufficient condition for the scaled consensus with H∞ disturbance attenuation index of the overall closed-loop system is derived. At last, the proposed distributed H∞ SMC is further extended to solve the scaled consensus control problem of networked multi-agent systems under switching topology. An example is included to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

5- Conclusion

This paper considers the scaled consensus control problem of networked multi-agent systems with linear coupling dynamics and external disturbances. The traditional H∞ SMC design is extended to the distributed H∞ SMC design for solving the robust scaled consensus under directed fixed topology and switching topology respectively, where the distributed state feedback design and distributed output feedback design are both established. By using the Lyapunov stability theory and LMI technique, the integral sliding function is established and the distributed SMC law is constructed, respectively, which can guarantee the states of all agents can be driven onto sliding surface and achieving scaled consensus with H∞ disturbance attenuation index in there.

تصویری از مقاله ترجمه و تایپ شده در نرم افزار ورد

کنترل اجماع مقیاس پذیر مبنی بر حالت لغزشی ∞H برای سیستم های چندعاملی خطی با اختلال ها

H∞ sliding mode based scaled consensus control for linear multi-agent systems with disturbances

کنترل توزیع یافته بر مبنای سیستم های چند عاملی و خودکار سازی شبکه ریز با استفاده از مک سیمجکس

Multi Agent Systems based Distributed Control and Automation of Micro-grid using MACSimJX

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کنترل توزیع یافته بر مبنای سیستم چند عاملی و خودکار سازی شبکه ریز با استفاده از مک سیمجکس

Multi Agent Systems based Distributed Control and Automation of Micro-grid using MACSimJX

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درباره استفاده از سیستم های چندعاملی برای نظارت بر سیستم های صنعتی

On the use of multi-agent systems for the monitoring of industrial systems

Abstract

The objective of the current paper is to present an intelligent system for complex process monitoring, based on artificial intelligence technologies. This system aims to realize with success all the complex process monitoring tasks that are: detection, diagnosis, identification and reconfiguration. For this purpose, the development of a multi-agent system that combines multiple intelligences such as: multivariate control charts, neural networks, Bayesian networks and expert systems has became a necessity. The proposed system is evaluated in the monitoring of the complex process Tennessee Eastman process.

1 Introduction

The process monitoring is a critical task in all industrial plant. It can be realized by the use of three principal approaches (Venkatasubramanian et al. 2003): (1) the analytical methods based on mathematics models. These methods compare the real-system outputs to the mathematical model outputs, (2) the methods based on knowledge (Stamatis 2003; Dhillon 2005) that use the human knowledge [risk analysis, failures modes effects and critically analysis (FMECA), decision trees], and (3) the databased methods that focus on statistic development of the process. The last kind of the method uses, generally, the control charts [(Page 1954), cumulative SUM (CUSUM) (Roberts 1959)] or exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) (Alt et al. 1985) for the fault detection in the industrial process.

Currently, the manufacturing processes become more and more complex and multivariate. In these systems, the operator recuperates a vast data amount to be analysed. The high volume of data and the big number of process variables make the operator task fastidious. To avoid such problems, the data-based methods are more suitable for the process monitoring. The multivariate control charts [Hotelling T2 control chart, multivariate CUSUM (MCUSUM), multivariate EWMA (MEWMA)] have been used for the control of multivariate process and have proved their adequacy to reduce the complexity of such process monitoring. Moreover, the monitoring of a multivariate process is a complex task, and it can be devised into four subtasks which are: the detection of abnormal situation, the diagnosis of the faults, the identification of variables that involved in the faults and finally the reconfiguration of the process (Venkatasubramanian et al. 2003).

Many researches have used the control charts for process monitoring (Yu-Chang et al. 2015; Xia 2015; Ehsan and Sadigh 2014; Vijayababu and Rukmini 2014; Assareh et al. 2013). To identify the variables that make an out-ofcontrol in T2, a decomposition of the statistic T2 into independent terms has been suggested by Jing et al. (2008). The ‘‘MYT approach’’ has been applied by Mani and Cooper (1999) for the variables identification. The ‘‘MYT approach’’ has a big disadvantage which is the number of T2 decompositions. For a process with p variables, the number of decompositions is p!. To reduce this number and to identify the relationship among the variables, the Bayesian networks have been applied for variables identification by Friedman (2000), Li et al. (2006), Li and Shi (2007), Sylvain (2007).

In this paper, we regroup all the tasks of the multivariate process monitoring in one approach. Our contribution is to determine the best combination of multivariate control charts, neural networks, Bayesian networks, expert systems. The result of this research is a multi-agent system that applied to a multivariate process monitoring. This multi-agent system uses: multivariate control chart for abnormal detection, neural network for faults diagnosis, Bayesian network for variables identification and expert system for reconfiguration task.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows: the process monitoring approach is presented in ‘‘The proposed multi-agent system’’ section with the monitoring algorithm. In ‘‘Application of the proposed model on the Tennessee Eastman process’’ section, a case study of simulated Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) (Downs and Vogel 1993) is employed to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach, including the detection by multivariate control charts executor agent (MCCEA), diagnosis by diagnosis artificial neural network agent (DANNA), identification by Identification Bayesian network agent (IBNA) and the reconfiguration by reconfiguration agent (RA). Finally, conclusions and future works are suggested.

کنترل توان راکتیو در شبکه های هوشمند با سیستم های چندعامل

Multi-agent systems for reactive power control in smart grids

چکیده

مقدمه

انگیزه

بررسی اجمالی مقالات دیگر و سهم آن ها در این پژوهش

سازماندهی مقاله

سیستم های چندعاملی (MASs) در شبکه های هوشمند

مفهوم MAS

سازمان MAS

مفهوم هولون

سازمان هولونیک

تعاملات وابسته به هدف

دینامیک های هولون

مذاکرات هولونیک

فرمول بندی مسأله ی DORPC

DORPC مبتنی بر ساختار هولونیک

فرمول بندی DGها و PEVها

بررسی عددی

بار ارتباطات و محاسبات

نتیجه گیری

چکیده

نظارت بر سیستم های قدرت، اساسی ترین پیش فرض برای تصمیم گیری معقولانه در یک مرکز کنترلی محسوب می گردد. در سال های اخیر، با ظهور شبکه های هوشمند، نظارت و کنترل توان راکتیو در سیستم های قدرت، وارد عصر جدیدی شده است. این موضوع، نیاز به روش های مؤثر کنترل توان راکتیو بهینه ی غیرمتمرکز (DORPC)، مخصوصاً مبتنی بر چارچوب های موجود جدید که همراه با شبکه های هوشمند پدید آمده اند را برجسته کرده است. این مقاله، رویکردی جدید برای مسأله ی DORPC مبتنی بر معماری هولونیک را ارائه کرده است. معماری هولونیک دارای یک سری ویژگی های منحصر به فرد است که توسط آن، هدف مسأله ی DORPC می تواند از طریق یک استراتژی زمانی، بهینه گردد. به منظور نشان دادن ویژگی های رویکرد پیشنهادی، با دو روش دیگر و با در نظر گرفتن مجموعه ای از شاخص ها، مقایسه شده است. بر این اساس، رویکرد پیشنهادی دارای پتانسیل های زیادی در راستای کاهش تلفات توان اکتیو و بهره برداری کامل از منابع توان راکتیو موجود است. آن نیازمند مجموعه ی محدودی از داده ها بوده و تلورانس خطای شبکه را بهبود می بخشد.

نتیجه گیری

جهت کاهش مسائل مرتبط با رویکردهای کنترل متمرکز، یک چارچوب غیرمتمرکز جدید برای کنترل توان راکتیو بهینه در این مقاله پیشنهاد شده است.این چارچوب بر اساس هولون هایی است که ساختارهایی منتشرشونده، خود سازمان یافته و در حال تحول دارند. یک هولون به هولون های دیگر متصل می گردد و به موازات آن، با دیگر هولون ها ارتباط برقرار کرده و بخشی از سیستمی خیلی بزرگ تر از خود می گردد. با توجه به منطق پشت این چارچوب پیشنهادی، منابع توان راکتیو موجود به طور کامل مورد بهره برداری قرار می-گیرند تا محدودیت های امنیتی شبکه حفظ گردد. روش جدید روی مطالعه ی موردی جامعی مورد تست قرار گرفته است (شامل چهار سیستم توزیعی ناشی از یک شبکه ی انتقال)، این درحالی است که عدم قطعیت های غالب نیز در این بررسی در نظر گرفته شده اند. نتایج نشان می دهند که استراتژی DORPC پیشنهادی با فعالیت های هوشمند سازگارتر از روش های قبلی ناشی از اقدامات کنترلی کمتر است. یکی دیگر از نتایج مفید این ساختار، بهره وری بیش تر در محاسبات بهبود یافته ی آن می باشد. این موضوع منجر به کاهش زمان فرآیند تصمیم گیری و در نتیجه افزایش پایداری شبکه می گردد. نتایج شبیه سازی ما نشان می دهند که، نه تنها ساختار پیشنهادی دارای پتانسیل های زیادی برای صرفه جویی قابل توجه در پهنای باند ارتباطی است، بلکه تلورانس خطای ساختار به دلیل ویژگی دینامیکی هولون ها افزایش یافته است.

Abstract

Power system monitoring is the most fundamental prerequisite for making reasonable decisions in a control center. In recent years, with the advent of smart grids, monitoring and control of reactive power in power systems has entered a new era. This issue have highlighted the need for effective methods of decentralized optimal reactive power control (DORPC), especially based on the new available frameworks which have emerged along with the smart grids. This paper presents a novel approach to the DORPC problem based on a Holonic architecture. The Holonic architecture has some unique features by which the objective of the DORPC problem could be optimized through a timely proposed strategy. In order to demonstrate the features of the proposed approach, it is compared with two other methods considering a set of indices. Accordingly, the proposed approach has great potential to reduce the active power losses and to fully exploit the available reactive power resources. It requires a limited set of data while improves the fault tolerance of the network.

Conclusion

To alleviate the problems associated with the centralized control approaches, a novel decentralized framework for optimal reactive power control has been proposed in this paper. The framework is based on the Holons, which are evolving, self-organizing, and dissipative structures. A Holon is connected to other Holons, and at the same time, is nested within another Holon and so is a part of something much larger than itself. According to the rationale behind the proposed framework, it would fully exploit the available reactive power resources so as to keep the network security constraints. The novel method is tested on a comprehensive case study (including four distribution systems emanating from a transmission network), while the prevailing uncertainties are assiduously taken into account. The results indicate that the proposed DORPC strategy is more compatible with smart activities than the previous methods because of few control actions. Another beneficial result of this structure is its more improved computational efficiency. This issue leads to a decrease in the time of decision making process, and consequently, an increase in the stability of the network. Our simulation results have demonstrated that not only does the proposed structure have great potential to considerably save the communication bandwidth, but also the fault tolerance of the structure is increased due to the dynamic feature of Holons.

تصویری از مقاله ترجمه و تایپ شده در نرم افزار ورد

کنترل توان راکتیو در شبکه های هوشمند با سیستم های چندعامل

Multi-agent systems for reactive power control in smart grids

سیستم چند عاملی برای مدیریت انرژی مشارکتی در ریزشبکه ها

Multi Agent System for cooperative energy management in microgrids

Abstract

In the last years the microgrid are emerged as the key component able to increase the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of traditional electrical infrastructures. Micro distribution systems aggregate small, modular renewable power source, distributed storage and local loads as autonomous entities that can exchange power with the traditional electricity if operating in connected mode. A prime task in microgrid operation is the dynamic balance of local supply and power demand due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resource and the variability of load demand during the day. However the power transfer among each microgrid and the main grid is always associated with a cost due to the loss of power over the distribution line. In this paper, a multi-agent systems (MAS) for the optimal coordination of multiple distributed energy resources is presented. The agents, associated with each microgrid, implement a cooperative strategy to minimise the power loss over the distribution lines and to maximise the economic income by sharing the surplus of the generated power between the microgrids belonging to the same coalition. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy demonstrating that the MGs payoff increases up to 30% when microgrids cooperate to gain the power balance.

I. BACKGROUND

The smart grids are the evolution of the traditional power grid in a complex and more interconnected cyber-physical system, which optimizes asset utilization and improves power quality operating resiliently against system disturbances and faults [1]-[3]. These challenges need the development of:

– advanced monitoring and communication systems to collect data for timely decision making;

– renewable energy sources, located at a distribution level, to defer the construction of new plants and transmission lines;

– distributed artificial intelligence systems for demand management and control of energy bills.

With respect to these goals, microgrids are emerged as a potential way to supply customer and critical loads with the energy locally produced offering considerable control capabilities [4]. In fact, microgrids are defined as complex systems at LV or MV distribution network comprising small power generators, energy conversion devices, intelligent static control switches and confined cluster of loads. The microgrids generally work as controlled single entities within the traditional electricity grid and can operate as a small source of power or an aggregated load according to the required local power needs. Clearly, microgrids require smart control architectures to manage the uncertainty of renewable power generation and the hourly fluctuations of energy demand with high reliability and cost effectiveness.

This paper discusses the development of a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for the control and dispatch of the power flows within a district of the distribution network including N microgrids linked to the primary substation of a public utility grid. The microgrids (MG) agents interact each-other to find the optimal feeder reconfiguration that allows to redistribute locally the energy surplus of the microgrids, minimizing the burden on the main grid and the technical losses [5] in a cost effective way.

The logic control of the MG agents is designed to implement a TU-cooperative game enabling the formation of coalitions between microgrids to achieve the power balance. This approach allows the primary advantage to distribute decision making capabilities facilitating dynamic demand response. Moreover, the asynchronous operation of the agents and the distributed energy management allow microgrids to easily leave or enter each coalition as conditions permit. This leads to an improvement of the overall reliability of the distribution network, an increment of resiliency to faults and accelerate service restoration.

The proposed MAS for cooperative energy management is simulated using the middleware JADE (Java agent development Environment) by TILAB (Telecom Italy Lab) for the development of distributed multi-agent applications based on peer-to-peer communication architectures [6]. This middleware allows distributing the intelligence, the initiative and the control on different terminals in order to implement the parallel interactions between peers (called agents) with different behaviours in compliance with the FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) standards [7] [8]. JADE enables the communications between the agents both in wireless or wireline networks allowing the exchange of asynchronous messages.

Results from simulation studies show the effectiveness of the approach followed in designing the proposed MAS for the cooperative distributed power management of the microgrids located in the same geographical area of a smart grid. The rest of the work is organized as follows. The second section briefly presents the model for the distribution network, the MAS components and the control strategy based on a TU game. The third section describes the study environment and the main experimental results. The fourth section is devoted to conclusions.

IMAQCS: طراحی و پیاده سازی سیستم چندعاملی هوشمند برای کنترل و نظارت بر کیفیت فرآیند تولید سیمان

IMAQCS: Design and implementation of an intelligent multi-agent system for monitoring and controlling quality of cement production processes

Abstract

In cement plant, since all processes are chemical and irreversible, monitoring and control is a critical factor. If the process is not controlled at any stage, the final product can be damaged or lost. Thus, in such environments, considering the quality of the product at each state is essential. Also, to control the process, communication among different parts of production line is essential. The wasted time in production line has a direct effect on process correction time and cement production performance. Here, a model of a new intelligent multi-agent quality control system (IMAQCS) for controlling the quality of cement production processes is suggested. This model, using of rule-based artificial intelligence technique, concentrates on relationship between departments in cement production line to monitor multi-attribute quality factors. With the presence of agents for controlling the quality of cement processes, real-time analyzing and decision making in a fault condition will be provided. In order to validate the proposed model, IMAQCS is deployed in real plants of a cement industries complex in Iran. The ability of the system in the process production environment is assessed. The effectiveness and efficiency of the system are demonstrated by reducing the process correction time and increasing the cement production performance. Finally, this system can effectively impact on factory resources and cost saving.

1 Introduction

The importance of process control in quality products is clear. Most manufacturing process such as chemical and industries process have automated process control systems. The majority of automated quality control systems are used to detect out-ofcontrol conditions [1]. Also they focused on the process output and control actions. Tsung to detect changes in a process, provided functions of the process output and control actions [1]. Wu in [2] with the help of probabilistic neural network (PNN) proposed a method for pattern recognition of control chart in cellular manufacturing. Yu et al. used a genetic algorithm based rule extraction approach to recognize the relationship between manufacturing parameters and product quality. They integrated a knowledge-based artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm rule extraction to improve the product quality in a japanning-line [3]. Moreover, intelligent systems for monitoring, control, and diagnosis of industries process are based on three main approaches: knowledge-base, analytical and data-driven as mentioned in [4]. Uraikul et al. provided an overview on intelligent systems for control and diagnosis of process [4].

Among several systems for process control and fault detection have been proposed, depending on the type of process, the quality control is different. The process control is more difficult in chemical process because of their irreversible nature. The product is completely wasted, if the process is out of control. Many technological methods in cement process quality control automation have been proposed in recent years. Most of these methods are about X-ray analysis at the different departments of cement production line. They focused on the control of the chemistry of cement production [5–7]. Apart from chemistry of the cement, Tsamatsoulis provided a reliable model of the dynamics among the chemical modules in the outlet of raw meal grinding systems in [8]. Also, he has developed a dynamical model of cement milling process in [9]. In these two works, each department is assessed separately. The whole plant has not been considered. In cement process, an integrated system for controlling the quality of process has received less attention. Along with the nature of the cement process, monitoring and interaction among departments are important too. A quality control system that monitors the process, controls the input and output of different departments, and detects fault conditions in cement industries complex is an issue.

The control of plants that are spatially distributed has been considered recently. Chan presented a system that monitors operations at the plant based on the input data. Then it detected abnormalities in the data and suggested some actions to the operator. It was an expert decision support system for monitoring, control and diagnosis of a petroleum production and separation plant [10]. Mahdavi et al. suggested a real-time quality control information system that improves control of the quality of products through an integrated monitoring of distributed shops [11]. Van Brussel et al. presented the architecture consists of three types of basic holons: order holons, product holons, and resource holons to reduce the complexity of the system and enable easy reconfiguration [12]. However, multi-agent systems (MASs) can be used to control the plant, and especially the control of process in distributed manufacturing. Seilonen et al. utilized MAS to design a process automation system. They applied agents to run supervisory control and make decisions [13]. A large number of researches on distributed manufacturing and MAS in industries focus on scheduling and planning tasks among different machines for optimizing their throughput [14–18]. Some other works on MAS are done in the area of supply chain management (SCM) systems [19]. A review of all related work to agent-based systems in manufacturing is provided in [20]. In addition, some other researchers have proposed different models of MAS and deployed them in manufacturing [18,21–24]. Finally, Behdani et al. in [25] proposed an agent-based system for modeling a complex network of a chemical manufacturing enterprise which can capture the interactions among the various constituents including the plants, functional departments, and external entities. Among the researches that have been referred to, the use of MAS to cope with the control of chemical process quality among different parts of plants has been less noticed.

In this paper, we proposed an automated process quality control system for cement process that is designed based on multiagent system. In our proposed model, we try to concentrate on the communication between sampling station, laboratory and different departments of the cement production process which are not extensively described in previous researches. Also, we transform statistical quality control into a new communication method for cement production. We found MAS technology to cope with sophisticated interaction among departments. Besides, we compare a manual system with our system in a part of cement plant to evaluate the model. With this method, we were able to reduce the time of correcting the process. This reduction in process correction time is lead to reduce wasted raw materials and has the financial impact for the factory.

The other parts of this paper are organized as follows: Section 2 gives an overview of problem domain. Our proposed model is presented in Section 3. In this section, agents in the system, their interaction and coordination approach, analysis and design method and implementation technique are explained. Next, in Section 4 the proposed system has been tested and evaluated. Finally, conclusions and future work are provided in Section 5.

استفاده از سیستم چندعاملی برای نظارت و کنترل بر فرایند ذوب در بخش متالورژی معدن

The use of multi agent system for monitoring and control of the smelting process in the mining metallurgical sector

Abstract

This paper is focusing on the development of intelligent agent technology and application of that technology to the mining and metallurgical sector. We have shown how networks of communicating and cooperating intelligent software agents can be used to implement complex distributed systems. In the mining and metallurgical industries there are processes which cannot tolerate interruption, such as some sequential line chemical processes. Most of the time large production losses may occur due to voltage dips. Poor quality issues have been a major concern for the mine and metallurgical sectors. There is a need for equipment that supports production units to ride through the voltage dips so that the electrical networks are controllable and the voltage dips can be monitored. The paper proposes an application of the intelligent agent technology in creating an efficient data acquisition and expert fault tolerant system in the smelting process.

 سیستم چند عاملی برای عملکرد زمان-واقعی یک میکرو شبکه در شبیه ساز دیجیتالی زمان-واقعی

 Multiagent System for Real-Time Operation of a Microgrid in Real-Time Digital Simulator

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تصویری از مقاله ترجمه و تایپ شده در نرم افزار ورد

 سیستم چند منظوره برای عملیات در زمان واقعی یک میکروگرید در شبیه ساز دیجیتال در زمان واقعی

 Multiagent System for Real-Time Operation of a Microgrid in Real-Time Digital Simulator

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