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عنوان فارسی مقاله: | مدلسازی یک زنجیره تامین با استفاده از شبکه ای از صف ها |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Modeling a supply chain using a network of queues |
رشته های مرتبط: | مهندسی صنایع و مهندسی کامپیوتر، لجستیک و زنجیره تامین، برنامه ریزی و تحلیل سیستم ها، بهینه سازی سیستم ها و مهندسی الگوریتم ها و محاسبات |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f421 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1. مقدمه |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview Queuing models have been used to investigate supply chain problems for many years. In the 1940s, queuing models were used to solve a variety of machine interference problems, i.e., how many repair persons are needed to be assigned to properly maintain a system, or how many telephone operators are required to handle traffic calls. Queuing models are used to analyze tradeoffs concerning the number of servers versus the waiting time of the customers. Clearly, if the number of servers is high, the cost of the servers is high, but the waiting time (cost of customer idle time) is low. Queuing models calculate the optimum number of customer/order service points (servers) to minimize cost for business. It considers the average arrival rate of orders, the average customer service rate, the cost to the business of order waiting time (customer dissatisfaction), and the cost to operate customer service points. Queuing models are used to obtain apriori information not only about important performance measures like queue lengths, response times, and waiting times, but also other performance measures like: (a) probability that any delay will occur, (b) probability that the total delay is greater than a predetermined value, (c) probability that all service facilities will be idle, (d) expected idle time of the total facility, and (e) probability of turnaways due to insufficient waiting accommodation. Some kind of queuing problems involve determining the appropriate number of service facilities to cover expected demand, as well as determining the efficiency of servers and the number of servers of different types at the service facilities [1]. Suri suggested [2] the use of queuing theory to provide quick solutions to supply chain problems. Current generation enterprizes such as global supply chains, virtual enterprizes and e-businesses are driving research in the area of enterprize modeling framework suitable for a distributed environment. Supply Chain (SC) is a concept which can be considered analogous to a pipeline of physical and informational flows between suppliers and customers. From an operational point of view, this pipeline works like a process of activities, and these activities are distributed. So, the term ‘‘chain” could be replaced by the term ‘‘network” [3]. Each company is at the center of a network of suppliers and customers. The supply chain could be defined as a network of connected and interdependent organizations mutually and co-operatively working together to control, manage, and improve the flow of materials and information from suppliers to end users [4]. Since the supply chain management (SCM) is a market-driven concept, it is necessary to adopt the customer’s point of view. For this reason, the concept ‘‘process” has been introduced in logistics for strategic reasons [5]. The definitions for ‘‘process” and ‘‘activity” have been specified in [6]. The activities represent the system functionality. They can be scheduled, and they need time and resources. The term ‘‘process” represents the global behavior of the industrial system. It is a logical sequence of activities to realize a predefined objective. A process can be planned, but rarely scheduled. The objective is generally expressed in terms of delay, quantity and quality. Among these attributes, the delay is generally the most critical one. In this paper, we refer to the central process of any industrial system as ‘‘treatment of orders”. It reflects the fact when considering the performance of a SCM system that the inputs are the ‘‘orders” and the outputs are the ‘‘goods”. |