دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی سیستم عامل های سازمانی – یک رویکرد به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | سیستم عامل های سازمانی – یک رویکرد |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Organizational Operating Systems, an approach |
رشته های مرتبط: | مدیریت، مدیریت پروژه، مدیریت کسب و کار، مدیریت منابع انسانی، مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات و سیستم های اطلاعاتی پیشرفته |
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توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت خلاصه انجام شده است. |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f309 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction Given the increasing organizational complexity, several perspectives have been defined by social scientists, management scientists and engineers that have come together in a shared effort to capture, analyze and understand the multitude of factors that affect the organizational world. Organizations are dynamic systems that run in complex environments and need to react to changes, by increasing its self-awareness and its ability to transform and adapt. Failure to adapt can lead to disruption. Adaptation mechanisms need to consider the wholeness of the organization to maintain its viability and performance. To manage this complexity, organizations need “something” that can tie all different aspects of the organization into a seamlessly running machine guaranteeing that all these parts come together in a viable and performative organization. However, that “something” that glues the organization parts, being only an idea that needs clarification and research in order to be materialized into a tangible concept, can benefit from previous approaches and known concepts, theories and models. Páscoa and Tribolet1,2,3 proposed the use of the flying aircraft organization concepts, based on the metaphor “Flying the Organization”, implementing, within the business organization, the same concepts in order to attain the aircraft agility in near-real time. An aircraft, like an organization, possesses the glue that ties its components together in a seamlessly viable organization. However, when we think of “something” that glues different parts together, that already belongs to the world culture, we think on the computer and its operating system. In fact, the computer has components and the operating system is the “something” that glues these components making the computer a viable and performative organization. Tanenbaum4 states that “A modern computer consists of one or more processors, some main memory, disks, printers, a keyboard, a mouse, a display, network interfaces, and various other input/output devices. All in all, a complex system”. The author further states that “managing all these components and using them optimally is an exceedingly challenging job. For this reason, computers are equipped with a layer of software called the operating system, whose job is to provide user programs with a better, simpler, cleaner, model of the computer and to handle managing all the resources”. The document is structured as follows: section 2 introduces the Computer and Operating Systems; section 3 presents the foundations for the Flying the Organization concept, its components and the need for near real time steering; section 4 outlines DEMO models and presents its theoretical foundations; section 5 proposes an approach to devising the organizational operating system; section 6 concludes and section 7 presents future research recommendations. 2. Computer and Operating Systems According to Shelly & Vermaat5 a computer can be defined as an “electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and store the results (storage) for future use”. Input, process, output and storage are the four basic computer operations. To perform operations, a computer needs two main utilities: i) hardware, a collection of electric, electronic and mechanical components; ii) software, also called a program, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. Furthermore, the computer is divided into four main components: input devices, processor, memory and peripherals (output, storage and communication devices). As computers are used by humans, acting as users, an operating system (OS) is a software program that “acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware”5 . Tanenbaum4 states that OS provide a clean abstract set of resources that helps humans to coop with complexity. Silberschatz & Galvin6 propose three main goals for the OS: i) execute user programs and make solving user problems easier; ii) make the computer system convenient to use; iii) use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. The authors consider users (people, machines, other computers) to be computer system components. To provide comprehensive understanding about OS, basic concepts are provided such as: processes, address spaces, files, protection, shell (command interpreters) and system calls. The monolithic basic OS has the following structure: i) a main program that invokes the requested service; ii) a set of service procedures that carry out the system calls; iii) a set of utility procedures that help the service procedures. Silberschatz & Galvin6 divide the OS into three components: i) resource allocator that manages and allocates resources; ii) control program that controls the execution of user programs and operation of I/O devices: iii) kernel, the one program running at all times (all else being application programs). |