دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی نقش انرژی در مزایا و یا معایب برونگرایی: چگونه پیوند انرژی و تعارض وظایف می توانند رابطه بین برونگرایی و عملکرد پیش فعال را شفاف سازی کنند؟ به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | نقش انرژی در مزایا و یا معایب برونگرایی: چگونه پیوند انرژی و تعارض وظایف می توانند رابطه بین برونگرایی و عملکرد پیش فعال را شفاف سازی کنند؟ |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Energy’s role in the extraversion (dis)advantage: How energy ties and task conflict help clarify the relationship between extraversion and proactive performance |
رشته های مرتبط: | روانشناسی، روانشناسی صنعتی و سازمانی، روانشناسی بالینی و روانشناسی شناخت |
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نشریه | وایلی – wiley |
کد محصول | f147 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Summary While academic and practitioner literatures have proposed that extraverts are at an advantage in team-based work, it remains unclear exactly what that advantage might be, how extraverts attain such an advantage, and under which conditions. Theory highlighting the importance of energy in the coordination of team efforts helps to answer these questions. We propose that extraverted individuals are able to develop more energizing relationships with their teammates and as a result are seen as proactively contributing to their team. However, problems in coordination (i.e., team task conflict) can reverse this extraversion advantage. We studied 27 project-based teams at their formation, peak performance, and after disbandment. Results suggest that when team task conflict is low, extraverts energize their teammates and are viewed by others as proactively contributing to the team. However, when team task conflict is high, extraverts develop energizing relationships with fewer of their teammates and are not viewed as proactively contributing to the team. Our findings regarding energizing relationships and team task conflict clarify why extraversion is related to proactive performance and in what way, how, and when extraverts may be at a (dis)advantage in team-based work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords: extraversion; proactive performance; energizing relationships; task conflict To improve their adaptability and innovativeness, organizations commonly rely on more flexible forms of organizing, including work teams. In team-based work, employees often need less direct supervision (Crant, 2000), and instead rely on the self-directed, proactive contributions of team members to initiate change and coordinate their activities (Griffin, Neal, & Parker, 2007; Neal, Yeo, Koy, & Xiao, 2012). Although important in the modern workplace, this surge toward teamwork and proactivity may not suit everyone. The more outgoing, social nature of extraverts may predispose them to succeed in the context of intense team interactions, while more quiet introverts may be disadvantaged in these forms of working (Cain, 2012). Some previous research, where proactive performance is defined in terms of voice, taking charge, and demonstrating upward influence, finds that more extraverted individuals make greater proactive contributions than their more introverted counterparts (Grant, Parker, & Collins, 2009; Parker & Collins, 2010). This is explained by the notion that extraverts are more likely to express their ideas and concerns. Indeed, research indicates that extraverts place greater value on having the opportunity to share their ideas with others than introverts (Avery, 2003), and they engage in higher levels of employee voice (e.g., Crant, Kim, & Wang, 2011; LePine & Van Dyne, 2001; Liu, Liao, & Liao, 2014) and constructive change-orientated communication when working with others on a decision-making simulation (LePine & Van Dyne, 2001). Although these studies suggest that extraverts engage in proactive actions such as voicing ideas and concerns, there is also some research that contradicts these findings. For instance, in a study of administrative government employees, Neal et al. (2012) proposed that individuals’ level of extraversion would be positively associated with others’ ratings of the extent to which they suggested ways to make their team more effective and improve methods for working together (i.e., their proactive team-directed behavior) but failed to support this hypothesis. They cited the importance of unexamined mediators (e.g., energy and social cohesion) and moderators (e.g., the nature of the work environment) as potential explanations for this unexpected null finding. As such, a primary goal of this research is to better understand when and why extraverts might be at an advantage in making proactive contributions to their team and to consider the possibility that there may be situations where they may be at a disadvantage. We utilized the coordination-as-energy-in conversation model (Quinn & Dutton, 2005) as a guiding theoretical framework to examine not only if, but why and when, more extroverted individuals are viewed as making proactive contributions to their teams. In team-based work, coordination is essential for a team to achieve its goals; individuals proactively contribute to this process by offering ideas and suggestions that improve how the team works and its performance. This coordination process occurs through conversations that transfer not only information but also energy between individuals (Quinn & Dutton, 2005). Extraverts seem well-suited for this process of information and energy transfer. Originally defined as being social (Barrick & Mount, 1991), contemporary views suggest extraversion is more about bringing energy to and deriving energy from social interactions (John & Srivastava, 1999; Selfhout, Burk, Branje, Denissen, Van Aken, & Meeus, 2010) |
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