دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تعدادی از گیاهان دارویی از گیاهان وحشی رومانی و اکولوژی به همراه ترجمه فارسی
| عنوان فارسی مقاله: | تعدادی از گیاهان دارویی از گیاهان وحشی رومانی و اکولوژی |
| عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Some Medicinal Plants From Wild Flora Of Romania And The Ecology |
| رشته های مرتبط: | کشاورزی و زیست شناسی، علوم گیاهی، گیاهان دارویی، گیاه پزشکی، فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعتی و اکولوژی گیاهان زراعتی |
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| کد محصول | f191 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: مقدمه: فاکتورهای اکولوژیک و گیاهان دارویی: |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: INTRODUCTION Vegetation of Romania is typical temperate continental with moderate temperate influence characteristic of central and Western Europe, specific continental to the Eastern Europe, the presence of the Carpathian Mountains has an impact on natural vegetation, and vegetation in the south has small Mediterranean influence. Romania vegetation is classified in areas of vegetation and vegetation levels. The areas of vegetation include the Steppe zones with herbaceous vegetation and shrubs isolated, the silvosteppe zone (oak forest zone and the steppe-like herbaceous vegetation, found in plains and low hills) and the nemoral zone widespread in the high plains of Muntenia and Oltenia and low plateaus with forest of heaven and flasks or oak in northern Moldova. These areas continue with floors of vegetation. Floors of vegetation are located on altitude and include the nemoral floor (or deciduous forest) divided into evergreen oak undergrowth (300-600 (700) m) and undergrowth of beech and mixed forests (600-1200 m), spruce floor (or boreal) at altitudes of 1200-1700 m, alpine floor (with juniper trees) at altitudes of 1700-2000 m, and the alpine floor (over 2000 m), including primary grasslands (TĂMAŞ and all, 2006).The interzonal vegetation is the vegetation of the Danube Delta, the water meadows, salty waters, sand, and peat. Each plant species exhibit certain requirements to ecological factors. These requirements are expressed in scales for moisture, heat, light, soil acidity, trophicity and nitrogen. ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS The therapeutic use of medicinal plants is due to active principles they contain. These principles are the substances of secondary metabolism, but their synthesis is dependent on the primary metabolism. For the plant body these substances meet have a metabolic role, such as vitamins, enzymes, or the role of defense against biological agents (insects, fungi, even vertebrates) to chemical and physical stress (UV radiation), and in some cases still not precisely known functions of these substances for plants ( ALEXAN and all, 1991). Synthesis of active principles is not always influenced by environmental factors as well as the synthesis of primary metabolites (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins). So for example, meal rich in vegetation is not an indication for the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients, which is influenced differently by environmental factors. This finding requires analysis of active principles from medicinal plants growing in the environmental conditions. Must take into account the phytogeographic origin of the medicinal species. Thus, species of southern origin require higher temperatures than those of northern origin. It was noted that the species producing volatile oil accumulates a larger amount of these oils in areas with higher temperatures, i.e. in the southern areas, with higher average daily temperatures. Like the species Lavandula vera (lavender), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), etc. Glycosides and alkaloids accumulate in plants up to a high intensity light, i.e. during the afternoon. If blueberry and cranberry leaf the content of flavonoid is about three times higher in plants, which vegetate, in bright light than those in shade. Generally, the light intensity influences the synthesis of flavonoids and anthocyans. Rainfall is more important to the flowering stage, after which soil moisture affects less synthesis and accumulation of active principles from medicinal plants. Of nutrients N, P and K positively influence the synthesis and accumulation of glycosides, alkaloids, and essential oils. Light can influence the synthesis of alkaloids in function the type of organic species. Thus, in the case of species Scopolia carniolica, a specie characteristic of deciduous forests, plants grown in direct light have a lower content than those grown in the shade. Excessive high temperatures adversely affect both photosynthesis and synthesis of active principles, such high temperatures, and intense sweating results in dehydration of tissues. Concentration of tannins and polyphenolic compounds generally increases in tissues attacked by animal parasites (insect larvae) or by fungi, in this case xenobiotic substances produced by parasites act as elicitive causing substances stimulating the synthesis of defense role against pests. In case of Origanum species it was found that those of southern origin (Mediterranean) produce volatile oils in high concentrations of phenols (thymol, carvacrol), while in the northern species are reduced or absent. Lower temperatures result in increases in concentration of Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) about 2-3 times compared to plants grown under high temperatures.To soil reaction (acid, alkaline or neutral) plant species may have a role of indicator plants, some calcicole other silicicole, while others are less influenced by this factor. The roots of species leading to high concentrations selectively absorb some trace elements from soil. Given to the biological role of these elements and organo-mineral combinations involved, knowledge of species which accumulate different the mineral elements from the same ground on which grow several species, is an important factor in assessing their therapeutic value (e.g. I, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni and others). |