دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله قیمت پیشنهادی پویا برای استفاده بهینه از منابع در شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط (نشریه الزویر ۲۰۱۸)

قیمت پیشنهادی پویا برای استفاده بهینه از منابع در شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط

Dynamic bid pricing for an optimized resource utilization in small and medium sized enterprises

Abstract

Sales revenues of small and medium-sized enterprises are subject to seasonal fluctuation. This leads often to overloaded or underutilized manufacturing resources. Either way, this results in revenue losses. Therefore, companies have to optimize their resource utilization. This paper describes a new methodology for a dynamic bid price system by using correlations of revenue management in production planning to level the resource utilization. The methodology supports especially small and medium-sized enterprises, which are often affected by additional work shifts across seasons. Furthermore, the proposed method points out dependencies between costs and capacity to avoid financial losses. The method has been developed and is being tested in collaboration with two small and medium-sized enterprises.

۱ Introduction

In production, the economic success of companies is based on the highest possible utilization of manufacturing resources while maintaining flexibility and responsiveness to demand fluctuations. The majority of small and medium sized enterprises (SME) accepts the highest possible number of customer orders aiming to ensure a high production utilization. Commonly, a systematic evaluation of customer orders based on capacitive criteria (e.g. utilization of work stations) does not happen due to a lack of information and decision-making. Consequently, the production is overloaded, which causes overtime, quality problems, delays and the risk of economic losses. The fluctuating demand from customers forces manufacturers to plan available capacities under a dynamic demand over a long period. Capacities for regular customers or for the production of standard products must be kept available. At the same time, spontaneous orders and orders with a high proportion of own development as customized brackets, must also be included in capacity planning. Many manufacturing companies already provide information on resource utilization in manufacturing execution systems. Nevertheless, customer orders are not rejected even when manufacturing resources are fully utilized. Instead, the date of delivery is shifted depending on the order priority. In order to overcome this issue, this article presents a methodology for capacity-based production planning and control, which prognoses the long-term capacity of manufacturing resource as well as the short-term deviations, as shown in figure 1.

Within the method, the necessary capacities for a production order are determined based on the predicted demand. Furthermore, the current utilization (e.g. operating resources, machine hours) and a dynamic bid price are used to determine individual manufacturing costs for each customer order using a mathematic cost model. If a resource is busier than planned, the increased production costs must be taken into account by starting a new work shift or by switching machine classes. The dynamic bid price influences the demand and thus the resource utilization. The methodology has access to the scheduling, which enables the integration of relevant information on the current and the expected resource utilization. The method has been developed and is currently being tested at two SMEs.