دانلود ترجمه مقاله اثرات تغییرات مصرف اسید چرب در گوساله گاوهای شیری – مجله الزویر

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چکیده
اطلاعات محدودی درباره تاثیر و لزوم اسیدهای چرب خاص برای گوساله های شیرده وجود دارد. رژیم غذایی آغازی که شامل ذرت و آرد دانه سویا است، در ایالات متحده معمول می باشد، مقدار C١٨:٣ آن کم است و نسبت C١٨:٢ به C١٨:٣ با توجه به مقدار توصیه شده آن برای نوزادان انسانها تقریبا زیاد است.علاوه براین، دیگراسیدهای چرب کاربردی (C٢٠:۴، C٢٠:۵ و C٢٠:۶) که از C١٨:٢ و C١٨:٣ گرفته شده، فوایدشان برای گونه های یک معده ای ثابت گردیده است. بنابراین در مورد تاثیر افزودن نمک کلسیم از روغن کتان ( که مقدار C١٨:٣ آن بالا است ) یا روغن ماهی ( که مقدار C٢٠:۴، C٢٠:۵ و C٢٠:۶ آن بالا است ) به رژیم غذایی آغازکننده گوساله هایی که کمتر از ٣ ماهه سن دارند، تحقیق شده است. در تحقیق ١، ۴٨ گوساله ی نر Holstein ( به وزن١.۴ ٣٢.٢± کیلوگرم ) که ٢ تا ٣ روزه بودند با ١ تا ۴ رژیم درمانی آغازی تغذیه شدند که حاوی :
•بدون روغن ماهی یا کتان
•٠.١٢۵ درصد نمک کلسیم از روغن کتان
•٠.٢۵٠ درصد نمک کلسیم از روغن کتان
•٠.٢۵ درصد نمک کلسیم از روغن ماهی
پیش غذا یا آب به صورت اختیاری به گوساله داده می شود. در طول ۵۶ روز اول، گوساله ها به صورت انفرادی در آغل نگه داری می شدند. از آغاز تا روز بیست و هشتم به گوساله ٢۶ درصد پروتئین خام و شیر ١٧ درصد چربی دار جایگزینی داده می شد.

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ABSTRACT

There is limited information on the effects and requirements of specific fatty acids for dairy calves. The starter diet based on corn and soybean meal, which is typical in the United States, is low in C18:3, and the ratio of C18:2 to C18:3 is quite high relative to recommendations for human infants. Additionally, other functional fatty acids (C20:4, C20:5, C22:6) elongated from C18:2 and C18:3 have proven benefits in monogastric species. Thus, the effect of adding Ca salts of flax oil (high in C18:3) or fish oil (high in C20:4, C20:5, C22:6) to the starter diet of calves less than 3 mo old was investigated. In trial 1, 48 Holstein bull calves [43.2 ± ۱٫۴ kg of body weight (BW); 12/treatment] that were 2 to 3 d of age were fed 1 of 4 starter treatments containing A) no flax or fish oil (control), B) 0.125% Ca salt of flax oil, C) 0.250% Ca salt of flax oil, or D) 0.250% Ca salt of fish oil. Starters and water were fed free-choice to calves. During the first 56 d, calves were individually penned. From arrival until d 28, calves were fed a 26% crude protein, 17% fat milk replacer. From 56 to 84 d, calves were penned in groups of 6 and maintained on their same starter blended with 5% chopped grass hay. Trial 2 used 96 Holstein steer calves (66.3 ± ۳٫۱۱ kg of BW; 24/treatment) that were 59 to 60 d old in a 28-d trial. These calves had been managed for their first 56 d in the same way as the calves from trial 1 before starting trial 2. Trial 2 evaluated increasing concentrations of Ca salt of flax oil within a starter blended with 5% chopped grass hay and fed with water free-choice. The 4 treatments were A) 0%, B) 0.083%, C) 0.167%, and D) 0.250% Ca salt of flax oil. In trial 1, there were no differences among calves fed the control diet and calves fed the diet supplemented with flax oil. In trial 1, average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly as flax oil increased in the starter from d 0 to 56 and from d 56 to 84, and hip width change increased linearly as flax oil increased in the starter. Serum urea nitrogen and serum glucose concentrations decreased as flax oil increased in the diet. In trial 2, ADG and feed efficiency increased linearly as flax oil increased in the starter. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased as flax oil increased in the diet. Supplementing a Ca salt of fish oil had no effect on any variables measured. Supplementing C18:3 (linolenic acid) as a Ca salt of flax oil to the corn and soybean meal-based diet of dairy calves less than 3 mo old resulted in increased ADG and feed efficiency.

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