دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله اتوماسیون مدیریت زنجیره تامین با شبکه های سنسور بیسیم – IEEE 2007
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی SensorScheme: اتوماسیون مدیریت زنجیره تامین با استفاده از شبکه های سنسور بی سیم به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله | SensorScheme: اتوماسیون مدیریت زنجیره تامین با استفاده از شبکه های سنسور بی سیم |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | SensorScheme: Supply Chain Management Automation using Wireless Sensor Networks |
رشته های مرتبط | مهندسی صنایع و فناوری اطلاعات، مهندسی کامپیوتر، لجستیک و زنجیره تامین، برنامه نویسی کامپیوتر، اینترنت و شبکه های گسترده و شبکه های کامپیوتری |
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نشریه | آی تریپل ای – IEEE |
مجله | کنفرانس فن آوری های در حال ظهور و اتوماسیون کارخانه |
سال انتشار | ۲۰۰۷ |
کد محصول | F928 |
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فهرست مقاله: خلاصه |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: ۱-مقدمه |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: ۱٫ Introduction Supply chain management is a complex business, involving many parties and high volumes of goods. Not surprisingly, manual handling of transported goods leads to human errors accounting for significant loss in revenue. Automation can improve supply chain visibility, efficiency and yield higher turnovers. The recent application of RFID technology is already making a great impact on the retail supply chain, according to a recent study ([13]). Other recent developments in low power wireless communication has spawned a new technology: Wireless Sensor Networks, consisting of small computing devices equipped with tiny sensors and wireless communication capabilities. Different from RFID, these devices are battery-operated, and can communicate with any other device nearby, sense their environment, and continuously reason upon the perceived state of the world around them. Wireless sensor networks hold a great promise for the supply chain management business. WSN nodes can be attached to crates, roll containers, pallets and shipping containers to function as Active Transport Tracking Devices as we call them. These devices can actively monitor the transportation process, and verify proper handling conditions of goods like temperature for fresh foods. Furthermore, these devices can detect damage due to sudden shocks, or opening of containers and other forms of contract breach. This results in significant quality of service improvements and greater efficiency which in turn lead to lower transport cost. Although current wireless sensor network hardware platforms are suitable as Active Transport Tracking Devices, the state of the art in WSN system software is lacking the right set of features.In this paper we present a platform called SensorScheme that is able to deliver on the requirements posed by active tracking logistics scenarios. SensorScheme is an interpreter to execute dynamically loaded application code for WSN platforms based on the Scheme programming language. It presents a safe execution environment, in which malfunctioning programs cannot crash the device, and is equipped with high-level programming facilities such as garbage collection, communication by automatic marshalling of data items, and co-routines to implement multiple threads of control and enable blocking I/O calls. Besides tracking logistical processes, SensorScheme can find good use in many other, more ‘traditional’ WSN applications. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents an application scenario, followed by a review of the state of the art for realizing this application in section 3. Next, section 4 describes the design of SensorScheme, followed by a discussion of implementation techniques for the scenario in section 5. Then we evaluate SensorScheme’s performance in section 6, and conclude and give future directions (section 7). ۲ Scenario The technology of Wireless Sensor Networks can provide great benefit to the supply chain management industry, when used as active transport tracking devices (ATTDs) attached to returnable transport items (RTIs), such as crates, rolling containers, pallets and shipping containers. To illustrate the use of how ATTDs we will now discuss a small transportation scenario. Consider a shipment of bananas as it travels from the farm near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to a supermarket distribution center in Rotterdam. The bananas are packed in boxes stacked onto pallets, each equipped with a tracking device. Early in the morning, these pallets travel in trucks (owned by the Banana Transportation Company, or BTC) from the farm to a loading dock at the harbor, where they are loaded into shipping containers that carry them all the way to the supermarket chain’s distribution center. During the whole trip, the bananas need to be kept cool, between 10 and 15 degrees Celsius, and away from sources of ethylene gas, such as fresh coffee beans, that adversely influence the ripening process. During the transportation process from the farm to the distribution center – which we’ll call a journey – a number of things are monitored: 1. Temperature sensors on the ATTDs measure the ambient temperature at 1 minute intervals, and store the measured temperature in the device’s log file. If the temperature exceeds the allowed range, the device will signal an alarm, so measures can be taken immediately. 2. Each pallet’s tracking device communicates with others around it to verify whether any of those is transporting coffee beans or other harmful products. When a pallet is loaded into a container, the device also requests whether the container can find other containers carrying harmful products within a certain distance (of say 10 meters). If coffee beans are found nearby, the tracking device stores this in its log file and signals an alarm. 3. During the entire journey, the ATTD on each pallet checks for adherence to the transportation plan. At every stage of the journey, it verifies whether it is loaded into the right truck, and unloaded at the correct warehouse, as is depicted in figure 1. Every transition into a new stage of the journey is logged, and the devices signal an alarm whenever the transport is not carried out correctly, or within the given time constraints. Our bananas pass through a number of stages during their transport from farm to distribution center, as figure 1 shows. At every stage, a different method of verification will have to be carried out, depending on the local circumstances. While a pallet is waiting at the farm to be loaded into the truck it tries to verify whether it is positioned correctly, near other pallets that are to be loaded into the same truck. It does this by comparing its destination and contents with (the majority of) peer nodes on other pallets nearby. When a pallet is not positioned correctly or no peer nodes are found, it should raise an alert. Next, the pallets are loaded into the truck transporting them to the harbor. Nodes can detect being loaded by ‘hearing’ another device, placed inside the truck. When in the truck, each pallet device requests from the truck device the company and truck IDs and records these into the log file (along with the current time). Pallet devices are programmed with the information that they will be transported with any of the trucks of the BTC company before 6 am, and will signal an alarm if either condition is not met. While in the truck, pallet nodes do not have to verify anything, since no change in state will take place until they are taken out. They do have to detect being taken out of the truck, however, which can be concluded from absence of the truck, and presence of the wireless infrastructure (access point) of the harbor loading dock. If the right dock is not detected, or it takes too long before the pallets arrive, an alarm needs to be signaled. When unloaded on the dock, the ATTDs again verify whether they are positioned correctly to be reloaded into shipping containers. The dock is equipped with advanced electronic infrastructure capable of tracking each pallet’s location, and based on this, each pallet verifies whether it is at the correct position. When placed incorrectly, it can directly send an alert message to the dock infrastructure that will inform workers to correct it. Unlike trucks, access points can be out of direct radio connectivity, only connected through multiple hops, and will need different, multi-hop communication protocols to communicate with. For the last stage of the transport, the pallets are loaded into containers. These can be recognized by a matching shipping ID programmed into each container. Finally, when the container arrives in the distribution center, pallet ATTDs sense the distribution center access point and make the state transition. Being the home base for this transport, the Rotterdam distribution center access point uses proprietary wireless protocols, to allow access only to the supermarket chain’s owned goods. Again this requires different communication protocols to perform the journey’s verification. When errors are detected during the journey, the ATTDs signal alarms. Different methods of raising the alert are required, depending on the transport stage. While pallets are outside the truck, waiting to be loaded, a beeping sound and blinking lights attract the attention of workers that can correct the problem. But when inside the truck, the alert should be notified to the driver in the truck cabin instead. At the start of each new stage, the proper alert procedure is selected to be used by any of the sources of error that can occur in the device, including the temperature and coffee proximity processes. |