دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اندازه گیری و تشخیص هیدروژن سولفید به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله | اندازه گیری و تشخیص هیدروژن سولفید |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Hydrogen Sulfide Measurement And Detection |
رشته های مرتبط | شیمی، شیمی کاربردی، شیمی تجزیه |
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کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله متوسط میباشد |
توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت خلاصه انجام شده است. |
مجله | دانشكده آمریکایی مهندسی اندازه گيری گاز – AMERICAN SCHOOL OF GAS MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY |
کد محصول | F914 |
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جستجوی ترجمه مقالات | جستجوی ترجمه مقالات شیمی |
فهرست مقاله: مقدمه |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: سولفید هیدروژن |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: H2S Though H2 S is a flammable gas, the flammable limits of 4.3% (43,000 ppm) to 46%, (46,0000 ppm) far exceed the concentrations of concern for personnel protection, nominally 10 ppm, and pipeline transmission, 4 ppm. Because H2 S is heavier than air, it will tend to accumulate near the ground when leaked into the atmosphere. A standing individual overcome by H2 S will most likely collapse to where the H2 S concentration is even greater. The H2 S toxicity danger is a function of the concentration and the time of exposure. Concentrations on the order of 500 ppm can result in rapid collapse, unconsciousness and death. Prolonged exposure to lower concentrations can also lead to hemorrhaging and death. At low concentration H2 S has a characteristic rotten egg odor though, with sufficient exposure time, low H2S concentrations can also deaden the sense of smell. High H2 S concentrations rapidly deaden the sense of smell. Disturbed respiration, throat and eye irritation, sleepiness, headache, and pain in the eyes are all symptoms of hydrogen sulfide exposure. There is plenty of available information regarding H2 S safety. Some of the web sites containing information on H2 S are listed in Table 1 – H2S Web References. H2S DETECTION FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION Personnel protection devices provide information to a worker regarding a contaminating component concentration in the air so that appropriate actions can be taken in the event an undesirable contaminant concentration is detected. Such actions include, but are not necessarily limited to, evacuation of the area, using a self-contained breathing apparatus, turning on emergency ventilation system, and eliminating the source of the leak. H2 S monitors for personnel protection can be carried by the individual or fixed mounted for area monitoring. H2 S monitors typically use colorimetric or electrical sensors. An example of a colorimetric H2 S sensor is an encased roll of lead acetate impregnated paper tape, an exposure window, and a color chart. When moistened, the lead acetate impregnated paper tape will change color from white to brown when exposed to H2 S. Tape moisturization is achieved by exhaling on the exposure window. The amount of H2S present dictates how fast the color changes. The rate of tape color change and the stain darkness is directly proportional to the H2S concentration. The advantage of the colorimetric H2 S sensor is that electrical power is not required for operation.Electrical H2 S sensor technologies include metal oxide sensors, sometimes called solid ceramic-metallic (cermet) film devices, and electrochemical cells. Each of these devices depends on the migration of H2 S from its source to the sensor and can be incorporated into a fixed-point detection system or carried by the individual. A personal protection monitor, sometimes referred to as a multimeter, will typically contain a flammable gas detector and an oxygen deficiency sensor in addition to a device to detect H2 S. The migrated H2 S reacts with the surface of the metal oxide sensor, or the reagent chemical in the electrochemical cell, to create an electronic signal. In order for the generated signal to have any meaning, the response of the device must be calibrated with a gas containing a known concentration of H2 S. The surface of the metal oxide sensor regenerates itself in the presence of air. Electrochemical cells have a fixed quantity of reagent that must be replaced when consumed. Fixed mounted electrical H2 S sensors, powered by a battery or a fixed electrical source, sound an alarm when the H2 S concentration reaches a predetermined level. By using relays, the electrical H2 S sensors can also activate emergency control apparatus, such as, ventilation and alarm systems, when an alarm condition is detected. |