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عنوان فارسی مقاله | مطالعه تاثیر هندسه بیدهای کششی بر روی شکل پذیری فلنج کششی |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Study of The Effect of Draw-bead Geometry on Stretch Flange Formability |
رشته های مرتبط | مهندسی مواد، مهندسی مکانیک، ساخت و تولید، طراحی جامدات، مواد و متالوژی |
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مجله | موسسه آمریکایی فیزیک – American Institute of Physics |
سال انتشار | 2004 |
کد محصول | F768 |
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فهرست مقاله: چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: مقدمه روش |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: INTRODUCTION Stretch flanges or Z-flanges are common features in automotive sheet metal stampings, such as structural inner panels that contain window or door cutouts. In stretch flange forming operations [1,2], draw-beads are widely employed to control material feed and thinning by providing additional restraining force as the sheet metal flows through them. These restraining forces act locally and allow the use of lower overall clamping forces during forming. The amount of restraint and damage induced in a material are characteristic of draw-beads used and are highly dependent on drawbeads’ geometry. Draw-beads have been extensively studied over the last few decades by various researchers and a large number of draw-bead designs have been proposed. Many researchers [3-5] have worked on a class of active draw-beads that are capable of variable penetration depth and restraining forces. Others, such as Kaum et al. [6], have carried out studies on multiple draw-bead designs that consist of single draw-beads of different types. A recent review by Xu et al. [7] summarizes the various types of draw-bead designs studied, as well as their finite element modeling and restraining force predictions. Commercial part forming operations are usually simulated using a finite element package prior to tooling fabrication. In general, the mesh utilized should be sufficiently fine in order to capture effects from small geometrical features. However, draw-beads are usually very small in size, and modeling material flow through them would result in additional computational expenses due to the high number of elements required. Therefore, draw-beads are modeled using “equivalent draw-beads” – regions that provide additional restraining force at specific locations of the sheet, to avoid redundant mesh refinement and reduce computational time. Different types of draw-beads can be tested to determine their restraining forces and then implemented as equivalent draw-beads during finite element analysis. A damage parameter is required to fully describe the draw-bead profile since the damage levels produced by different draw-beads varies with the draw-bead’s curvature radii and the number of bends and unbends it contains. Hence, the objective of this research is to investigate the effect of draw-bead geometry on stretch flange formability by comparing the restraining forces and damage induced by a variety of single and double draw-beads using the explicit dynamic finite element code, LS-DYNA, with a modified Gurson-based material model. PROCEDURE Stretch-flange Forming Operation Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a typical drawbead application in a stretch-flange forming operation A typical failure mode during such an operation is circumferential cracking along the flange wall as illustrated in Figure 2. The material in the cracked region has been repeatedly bent and unbent by flowing through the draw-bead profile and stretched in the circumferential direction. Draw-beads play a crucial role in stretch forming operations and improved drawbead designs will allow for further optimization of this process. |