دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی پاک کننده اکسید فلز (زنگبر) حاوی اسید معدنی قوی، اسید سیتریک و یک مشتق آمونیاک به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله | پاک کننده اکسید فلز (زنگبر) حاوی اسید معدنی قوی، اسید سیتریک و یک مشتق آمونیاک |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | METAL OXIDE REMOVER CONTAINING A STRONG MINERAL ACID, CITRIC ACID AND A BASIC AMMONIA DERIVATIVE |
رشته های مرتبط | شیمی، شیمی کاربردی، شیمی تجزیه و شیمی معدنی |
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کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله متوسط میباشد |
کد محصول | F754 |
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فهرست مقاله: چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: خلاصه ای از اختراع |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a formulation which leaves the ferrous metal surface substantially free of metal oxides and substantially free of discoloraton such as the blackened condition formed by various of the prior art formulations. In addition, the present cleaning solution is essentially non-corrosive and does not attack either the metal being cleaned or the equipment utilized in the cleaning operation. It is thus highly acceptable from an ecological standpoint. All of these advantages are accomplished with a com position comprising an aqueous solution containing a basic ammonia derivative selected from ammonium hydroxide and organic amines, citric acid and a strong mineral acid, all of said components being present in effective concentrations to remove metal oxides from the metal to be cleaned in the absence of acid corrosion and discoloration thereof, the pH of said solution being about 0.5-3.0 and the weight ratio of said ammonia derivative to said citric acid being about 2:7 to 7:2. It will be appreciated that the components used will form ions in aqueous solution. Accordingly, equivalent results can be obtained by addition of the various com ponents as salts which form the desired ions. For exam ple, an amine citrate salt could be used to supply part of the citric acid and organic amine components. It is essential to the efficient operation of the formula tion that the pH and component ratios be maintained within the above limitations. In a preferred embodi ment, the formulation pH is about 1.0~2.0, most prefera bly about 1.5. In all cases an effective amount of strong mineral acid to achieve clean surfaces should be pres ent. A typical formulation for removing metal oxides from ferrous metals has the following formula in ap proximate parts by weight, said formula being adapted for use in a concentrate or for dilution with additional water: 30 water, 2-7 basic ammonia derivative, 7-2 citric acid, and at least about 0.25-0.5 of strong mineral acid, said formula havin a pH of about l-2. The basic ammonia derivative employed will either be ammonium hydroxide or an organic amine. Any water soluble amine is contemplated including aliphatic and aromatic amines. Examples are alkyl amines, alka nol amines. The amine may be primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary in structure. As an optional additive the formulation may include an organic cationic corrosion inhibitor of the type de signed to inhibit the attack of hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid on ferrous metals. Examples of some usable formulations in aproximate parts by weight are next given. These formulas are adapted for use in the concentration shown or they may be diluted with additional water as desired and as will be illustrated in the working examples. FORMULA A 64. 0 Water 10.5 Triethanolamine 10.5 HCl Acid 20° Baume 15.0 Citric Acid FORMULA B 64.0 Water 10.5 Tirethanolamine 10.5 H2S04—66° Baume 15.0 Citric Acid Where an optional organic cationic corrosion inhibi tor is desired it may be added to the above formulas in the amount of about 1 ounce per gallon of the formula tion. For example, in formula A a suitable additive is the commercial corrosion inhibitor available from Amchem Products Inc. and offered under the trade name “Ro dine 213”. With respect to Formula B, an appropriate . corrosion inhibitor for sulfuric acid available from the same company is known as “Rodine 92A”. The above Formulas A and B are believed to be useful formulations and concentrations for many appli cations. It will be appreciated that the precise concen tration of the components is subject to some variation from that shown in the formulas. It is contemplated that each of the components may vary by as much as i20% from the ?gure shown, provided that the ?nal formula tion is operative to remove metal oxides without cor roding and discoloring the metal to be cleaned. The following Table I will illustate the effectiveness of the above type of formulations in ability to remove metal oxides while leaving the metal clean and free from cor rosion and discoloration. Data was obtained by the following procedure. 7g of citric acid in 30g of water was neutralized by the following materials: triethanolamine, diethanol amine, monoethanolamine and ammonia. The pH was adjusted to 3.5 with concentrated HCl. DEX and the material from U.S. Pat. No. 3,510,432 were purchased, while U.S. Pat. No. 3,095,379 was followed to produce Example I and Example A. Citric acid was run straight in water (7g in 30g water). All examples were placed in 100ml beakers ?lled to the 30ml mark and pieces Q” X 2″) of rusty 18 gauge 1020 cold rolled steel placed in them. The results at room temperature and 210° F.temperature, for example at about l20°—2l2° F. to shorten treatment time. To be acceptable in this test operation it was considered that all rust should be re moved with the spray within 3 minutes while the cleaned wet drums should not re-rust within 30 minutes. As will be seen, the present formulations met these conditions. In this test 30 gallons each of Formulas A and B listed above were used, including the optional applicable Ro dine corrosion inhibitors in the amounts of 1 ounce per galon of solution. The concentrates of Formulas A and B were diluted for use with water in the amount by volume shown in the example below. After spraying with the metal oxide remover solution, a rinse was applied as indicated. The results are as follows. |