دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی الکترو سنتز مواد آلی – راهی برای کاربرد بیشتر. یک بررسی کوتاه به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله | الکترو سنتز مواد آلی – راهی برای کاربرد بیشتر. یک بررسی کوتاه |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Organic electrosynthesis – A road to greater application. A mini review |
رشته های مرتبط | شیمی، شیمی آلی و شیمی تجزیه |
کلمات کلیدی | مواد آلی، الکترولیز، سنتز آزمایشگاهی |
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کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله متوسط میباشد |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
مجله | ارتباطات الکتروشیمی – Electrochemistry Communications |
سال انتشار | 2018 |
کد محصول | F527 |
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فهرست مقاله: چکیده 1. مقدمه 2. تفسیر ولتامتری 3. سنتز آزمایشگاهی 4. تولید تجاری 5. نتیجهگیریها |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1. مقدمه 2. تفسیر ولتامتری |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction Organic electrosynthesis has a history dating back almost 200 years and has led to a very extensive literature. Over the years, many books and reviews (recent examples [1–8]) have regularly lauded the diversity of chemistry possible at electrodes but electrolysis remains a very under-used procedure for the preparation of organic compounds both in the laboratory and in industry. Why? One reason is the nature of the literature. Organic electrosynthesis presents itself very badly to the synthetic organic chemist. It needs to be recognised that the electrolyses of organic compounds are carried out with several distinct goals: • to assist the interpretation of voltammetry. • to propose a route for the laboratory synthesis of an organic molecule. • to develop a commercial route for the manufacture of an organic compound. The experiments required for each are significantly different and the authors of many papers do not state clearly their objectives and reasons for reporting an electrolysis. For example, there is a major difference between demonstrating that an electrode reaction can take place and establishing that an electrolysis is a useful laboratory synthesis. To make matters worse, books and reviews often fail totally to make the distinction and this leads to a literature that is misleading and confusing, especially to non-electrochemists. Moreover, too often an attempt to repeat an electrosynthesis in a different laboratory leads to a much degraded selectivity and/or yield. All too frequently, this results from insufficient detail in the description of the electrolysis cell (geometry, dimensions, materials of components, mass transfer regime etc.) and the electrolysis conditions (solvent, concentration of reactants(s) and electrolyte, pH, cell current, temperature etc.). Of course, it is also critical that the information in the paper is followed precisely. Hence, this review sets out the experimental consequences of the different goals and suggests the changes that will lead to electrolysis becoming a more widely used synthetic method. 2. The interpretation of voltammetry The voltammetry of organic molecules may be studied for the purposes of developing a method of analysis, understanding the influence of solution conditions or electrode materials on the rate and/or selectivity of an electrode reaction or defining the mechanism and/or kinetics of homogeneous chemical reactions. Electrolysis is then an aid to the interpretation of the voltammetry as it is the only definitive way to verify the product and hence the overall chemical change leading to a voltammetric peak. Clearly, it is advantageous for the electrolysis to be carried out in the same conditions as the voltammetry. Hence, electrolyses can usually employ a low concentration of reactant leading to a low cell current and a high concentration of electrolyte making possible the use of a three electrode cell and the potentiostatic control of the potential of the working electrode. Also, it is reasonable to limit the electrolysis time equivalent to only a small consumption of reactant and minimal changes to the solution environment since this will also be the case in voltammetric experiments. |