دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله روشهای جدید برای تحلیل و یادگیری از حوادث به افتخار مشارکت برنارد ویلپرت – الزویر 2011
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی “ره آورد شکست: رویکردهای جدید برای تحلیل و یادگیری از حوادث و فرصت های تقریبا از دست رفته “به افتخار مشارکت برنارد ویلپرت به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | “ره آورد شکست: رویکردهای جدید برای تحلیل و یادگیری از حوادث و فرصت های تقریبا از دست رفته “به افتخار مشارکت برنارد ویلپرت |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | ‘‘The gift of failure: New approaches to analyzing and learning from events and near-misses.” Honoring the contributions of Bernhard Wilpert |
رشته های مرتبط: | مدیریت، مدیریت تکنولوژی، مدیریت دانش |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | F522 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1. پیش زمینه در مورد موضوع ویژه 2. کارگاه شبکه ارتباطی: تجزیه و تحلیل رویداد و یادگیری از حوادث |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Background to the special issue The same wondrous technologies that underlie our modern societies, such as air and sea transportation, nuclear power, and health care, also lead to challenges to safety: their innovativeness and complexity makes them difficult to predict and control (Beck, 1992; Perrow, 1984; Rollenhagen, this issue). As well, organizations ‘‘push the limits” for greater productivity with more complex, software-intensive systems that require interdependent participation from multiple professionals. The public demands more safety at the same time as it demands more services at less cost, while corporate shareholders demand higher returns. These issues are of great importance in so-called ‘‘high-hazard” industries where a rare and surprising event can place hundreds or thousands of people at risk, however, they are also of importance in settings such as health care and ordinary workplaces where undesired events occur more frequently but lives are disrupted one at a time. Organizations need appropriate structures, rules, and practices to avoid and respond appropriately to safety relevant events, in order to ensure their safety and reliability. These structures and rules are the safety management system that is based on both anticipatory feed-forward models of risk and strategies for feedback control (Rasmussen, 1990). Of course, we cannot completely specify all risks: even if risks are specified within the operating envelope, in real life organizations sometimes operate beyond their operating envelope (some scholars would say, all the time). Therefore, adequate feedback control relies on learning from operational experience. Organizational weaknesses and latent failures (e.g., Reason, 1997) are identified by continual monitoring and systematic analyses of problems, deviations, defects, events, near-misses and organizational surprises. Results of event analyses should lead to new knowledge, new structures, new rules, and new practices with the goal of higher reliability and safety. The systematic analysis of events, using valid and comprehensive methods, is thus a critical starting point for learning with the goal of enhancing safety and reliability. 2. The NeTWork workshop: event analysis and learning from events NeTWork is an informal group of academics and practitioners focused on New Technologies and Work (hence the acronym). Founded in 1982 by Bernhard Wilpert at the Berlin Institute of Technology (formerly the Berlin University of Technology) with his colleagues and students, NeTWork has held annual workshops on a variety of topics. Bernhard Wilpert was the architect of NeTWork; he guided the special nature of the workshops, in which discussion was central and participants were an engaging mix of workshop veterans and newcomers, researchers and practitioners. He championed the publication of books and special issues to document and disseminate the results of the workshops, which ensured the long lasting tradition of more than 26 workshops. His leadership and engagement also attracted support by various foundations. In 1995, NeTWork convened a workshop on the topic ‘‘After the event – from accidents to organizational learning” and published a book with the contributions from the workshop (Hale et al., 1997). However, following more than a decade of experience with various event analysis methods, it seems that the promises of event analysis and organizational learning were only partly kept. We still have to cope with both novel events and so-called recurring events, one recent example being NASA’s loss of the space shuttle Columbia, with causes reminiscent of the Challenger disaster. Could it be that our analysis methods do not discover the underlying causes of the events, or does learning from experience not work as it is supposed to do, or is learning happening in the wrong places? NeTWork, with the generous support of the Fondation pour une Culture de Sécurité Industrielle (Toulouse), therefore held a workshop in August 2008 with approximately 30 participants, including both scholars and practitioners. The title of the workshop was ‘‘Event Analysis and Learning from Events.” The goals of the workshop were: To discuss and reflect on various approaches to event analysis and learning from operating experience that can enhance safety. To develop new theory, new testable hypotheses, new policies, and new practices that would advance both safety research and practice. To structure a publication (this special issue) based on the presentations and discussion at the workshop that captures the insights from the workshop conversations and sets a bold agenda for future research, management, and policy. To honor the memory of Bernhard Wilpert, founder and champion of NeTWork, whose many contributions to human factors and social science research included an enduring interest in event analysis and learning from operating experience. 3. |