دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بررسی یک استر فنولی جدید به عنوان افزودنی آنتیاکسیدان در روغنهای دیزلی، بیودیزل و مخلوط دیزلی به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | بررسی یک استر فنولی جدید به عنوان افزودنی آنتیاکسیدان در روغنهای دیزلی، بیودیزل و مخلوط دیزلی |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Study of a novel phenolic-ester as antioxidant additive in lube, biodiesel and blended diesel |
رشته های مرتبط: | شیمی، شیمی تجزیه، شیمی آلی و شیمی محیط زیست |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | F521 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Introduction Apart from the other desirable properties like high viscosity index, cleanliness, lubricity, low pour point and corrosion, etc, an important characteristic for lubricants is the high oxidation stability since it is considered as principle cause of the lubricant aging leading to the blackening, formation of sludge, loss of lubrication, etc [1]. Exposure to heat and air greatly accelerates the lube degradation [2]. So even today when the high performance synthetic lubricant base oil technologies are available, at least one antioxidant is added in every lubricant formulation for enhancing performance characteristics [3]. Biodiesel is obtained generally by the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils (triglycerides) with the methanol [4]. If this triglyceride has the unsaturated fatty component, it leads the low oxidative stability of the biodiesel [5]. Although this property of low oxidative stability makes the biodiesel biodegradable but this limits its shelf life. So high oxidative stability it is a matter of great concern for biodiesel too for the sake of quality standpoints which is generally achieved by addition of a good antioxidant [6]. By now numerous classes of antioxidants are available for lubricants and fuels e.g., sulphur and phosphorus compounds, boron compounds, aromatic amines, hindered phenols and organometallic compounds. Sterically hindered phenols are important class of antioxidants being extensively used for lubricants, greases and biodiesel since 1960s e.g., BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone). High anti- oxidative efficiency, low toxicity and no unwanted colour contribution to the blend are some important advantages associated with these antioxidants, but their low volatility and 38 somewhat difficult dispersiblity are the main limitations leading to their evaporation in the operating conditions [3]. The recent trend in the development of the antioxidants is to design the antioxidants with high molecular weight so low volatility with easy dispersible nature and low toxicity in order to function under high-temperature oxidation conditions. Recent literature indicates some advantages to synthesize the hindered phenolic compounds having high molecular weight too e.g., tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionyl oxymethyl] methane is a widely known commercial antioxidant additive which is synthesized by the transesterification reaction between methyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionate ester and pentaerythritol [7,8]. A mixed ester of dipentaerythritol with 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and isostearic acid was synthesized which was found to have the low volatility. When evaluated as antioxidant additive in synthetic |