دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اصلاح ظرفیت باربری عمودی برای پایه های دایره ای در شن و ماسه با استفاده از کاهش زاویه اصطکاک به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | اصلاح ظرفیت باربری عمودی برای پایه های دایره ای در شن و ماسه با استفاده از کاهش زاویه اصطکاک |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Modified vertical bearing capacity for circular foundations in sand using reduced friction angle |
رشته های مرتبط: | مهندسی عمران، خاک و پی، سازه و سازه های دریایی |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | F511 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1. مقدمه : 7. نتیجه گیری |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction Energy production from offshore wind turbines is expected to increase substantially in the near future, because offshore wind turbines are expected to become more profitable. However, the foundations connected with offshore wind turbines are a large economic expense. Suction buckets are tubular steel foundations that are installed by sealing the top and applying suction inside the bucket. The hydrostatic pressure difference and the deadweight cause the bucket to penetrate the soil. This installation procedure allows the bucket to be connected to the rest of the structure before installation, thereby reducing the number of installation steps. A bucket foundation (also denoted as a skirted foundation or suction caisson) is large cylindrical structure that is open at the base and closed at the top. The cylindrical part is called the ‘‘bucket skirt,’’ and the upper plate that closes the bucket is called the ‘‘bucket lid’’ or ‘‘top plate’’. The bucket foundation can be used as a single foundation (monopod) or as a multiple foundation system (e.g., tripod). In November 2002, the first bucket foundation for a fully operational wind turbine was installed at an offshore test facility in Frederikshavn, in the northern part of Jutland, Denmark (Fig. 1). In the case of vertical loading, a bucket foundation is assumed to behave similarly to an embedded circular foundation. Thus, soil trapped within the bucket is expected to behave the same or nearly the same as a rigid cluster. The bucket foundation, which is constrained laterally by the skirts, prevents the soil within the bucket from experiencing large deformations (Achmus and Abdel-Rahman, 2005; Abdel-Rahman and Achmus, 2005; and Ibsen, 2008). Terzaghi (1943) presented a formula for the general bearing capacity of circular foundations located in saturated sand. This formula is based on the principle of superposition, which results in a conservative estimate of the bearing capacity (Hansen, 1975). Several authors have performed extensive studies to determine the values of the bearing capacity factors for the relationship proposed by Terzaghi (1943). Although some factors have been determined to be exact, others are still being discussed. Since 2006, a series of experimental investigations have been carried out at Aalborg University to modify the expression presented by Byrne and Houlsby (1999) (Eq. (4)) that relates the vertical bearing capacities of bucket and surface foundations founded on sand. The current research seeks to determine corrected values for the bearing capacity of circular surface footings located on sand, by using the reduced friction angle (Hansen, 1979). The results given in the present work were utilized to obtain a corrected form of the relationship proposed by Byrne and Houlsby (1999), which will be presented in a later publication. 6. Conclusions Bucket foundations represent a new concept in offshore wind turbines. To obtain a new general formula for the bearing capacity of bucket foundations, a series of experimental studies were performed on circular surface footings (i.e., bucket foundations with an embedment ratio of zero) placed on Aalborg University Sand No. 1. For the experimental modeling, the test box used to investigate the behavior of the circular surface footings consisted of a rigid steel construction with inner horizontal dimensions of 1600 1600 mm and an inner total depth of 650 mm. The circular footings were placed on Aalborg University Sand No. 1, which is primarily quartz, but also contains feldspar and biotite. Different diameters of footings (e.g., 50, 100, and 200 mm) were tested. The results of the vertical bearing capacity versus the relative density demonstrated large scatter. The measured bearing capacities of surface footings had to be corrected, due to the influence of deformations that developed during the loading procedure. To remove the contribution of the deformations from the bearing capacity, the friction angle was determined from the experiments and analytical solutions. A new expression for the reduced friction angle was developed with the data from the V0 experiments. Finally, corrected values of V0 were tabulated, which showed good agreement with the variation of the theoretical line. |