دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی پیام رسانی شفاهی الکترونیکی در رسانه اجتماعی: روابط اجتماعی، فاصله زمانی و پیام محسوس به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | پیام رسانی شفاهی الکترونیکی در رسانه اجتماعی: روابط اجتماعی، فاصله زمانی و پیام محسوس |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | E-WOM messaging on social media: social ties, temporal distance, and message concreteness |
رشته های مرتبط: | مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات و علوم ارتباطات اجتماعی، اینترنت و شبکه های گسترده و روابط عمومی |
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نشریه | امرالد – Emerald |
کد محصول | f389 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Introduction With the emergence of social networking site (SNS) platforms, individuals can now communicate with hundreds or even thousands of people about products, brands, and companies (Mangold and Faulds, 2009). Consequently, researchers are increasing their attention to consumer-to-consumer communications as they impact online promotional strategies (Jeong and Koo, 2015; Lee and Koo, 2012). To successfully craft brand promotion messages that will motivate purchases and encourage sharing, digital marketers must understand why and how consumers share promotional messages. Thus, interest is growing in electronic word-of mouth (e-WOM), defined as “any positive or negative statement made by potential, actual or former customers about a product or company that is made available to a multitude of people and institutions via the internet” (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004, p. 39). Previous studies have largely focused on why consumers read e-WOM messages (e.g., Hennig-Thurau et al., 2003); how e-WOM influences purchase decisions (e.g., Gupta and Harris, 2010; Jeong and Koo, 2015); and what may cause consumers to perceive credibility in e-WOM communications (e.g., Awad and Ragowsky, 2008). Although much is known about how e-WOM impacts on receivers, considerably less is known about why and how consumers decide to share messages on SNS platforms (Chawdhary and Dall’Olmo Riley, 2015). Our purpose is to investigate the senders’ perspectives of e-WOM usage in SNS platforms. Specifically, informed by recent consumer psychology developments, we investigate how senders share e-WOM on social media websites according to their perceptions regarding tie strength, temporal distance, and message concreteness. We designed and conducted an experimental study with a two (strong tie vs. weak tie) by two (near future vs. distant future) by two (abstract message vs. concrete message) mixed design involving South Korean users of SNS platforms. The results support previous suggestions that consumers are generally more likely to share promotional messages within their strongtie relationships, such as friends and family (e.g., Chawdhary and Dall’Olmo Riley, 2015). However, we further show that senders will more willingly share messages that are congruent with the purchase situation. Specifically, they are more likely to share concrete pictorial messages with their friends if they expect the purchase to occur in the near future. In contrast,they are more likely to share abstract textual messages with their friends if they expect the purchase to occur in the distant future. Thus, we show that strength of ties between e-WOM participants moderates the effect of congruency between psychological distance and message concreteness (Trope and Liberman, 2010). We take the senders’ perspectives to make new theoretical and practical contributions to the emerging literature on e-WOM communication (Cheung et al., 2015; Chowdhary and Dall’Olmo Riley, 2015; Garnefeld et al., 2011). In particular, we show that senders are motivated to share information with their strong-tie audiences according to whether the concreteness of a message is congruent with their perceptions of temporal distance. Our findings suggest that managers who wish to develop more successful SNS-based campaigns should consider the strength of SNS users’ relationships, potential congruency with concrete or abstract messages, and psychological perceptions of whether the purchase will occur sooner or later. Hypotheses Development Social ties and sharing e-WOM E-WOM research has paid much attention to the role of social ties (e.g., Bansal and Voyer, 2000; Koo, 2015; Yoon, 2012), formally defined as a “combination of the amount of time, the emotional intensity, the intimacy (mutual confiding), and the reciprocal services that characterize the tie” (Granovetter, 1973, p. 1361). Some authors argue that tie strength is one of the most significant factors influencing e-WOM (Wallace et al., 2012). Regardless of the message, the strength of social ties among communicators can determine e-WOM processes and effects on message receivers (Bansal and Voyer, 2000). For instance, word-of-mouth referral is more likely among strong-tie sources (Brown and Reingen, 1987). One explanation is that e-WOM receivers perceive strong-tie sources as being more credible than weak-tie sources (Chow and Chan, 2008). Specifically, perceived source credibility is a major antecedent of e-WOM adoption (e.g., Castillo et al., 2013; Lilijander et al., 2015), responsiveness (Kozinets, 1999), and purchase intentions (Fan and Miao, 2012). For instance, when receivers perceive a blogger to be trustworthy, a core dimension of credibility, they will believe the information is useful (Hsu et al., 2013) and will be more likely to read and like the messages (Reichelt et al., 2014). Given that strong ties are often the basis for trusting relationships (Krackhardt, 1992), e-WOM receivers are likely to view information coming from strong ties as being more credible (Chow and Chan, 2008). More recent findings suggest that social tie strength partially moderates e-WOM impacts on future sharing intentions and self-enhancement for both senders and receivers (Chawdhary and Dall’Olmo Riley, 2015). Further support comes from research on sharing knowledge (e.g., Chiu et al., 2006) and information contribution (e.g., Cheung et al., 2015) within virtual communities. Specifically, online community members are more likely to contribute when they have a sense of belonging and reciprocity (Cheung and Lee, 2012) and have social interactions with the community (Cheung et al., 2015; Kelleher and Helkkula, 2010). In addition, strongly tied individuals are more likely to exchange useful knowledge (Levin and Cross, 2004; Tsai and Ghoshal, 1998) and thus they may have increased intentions to share (Chow and Chan, 2008). Because stronger social ties stimulate trust and perceived trustworthiness (Krackhardt, 1992), strongly tied individuals may be more likely to exchange resources such as useful knowledge (Tsai and Ghoshal, 1998), and more likely to ensure that receivers can understand and use the information (Hansen, 1999; Levin and Cross, 2004). SNS platforms provide various interpersonal communication tools allowing consumers to share text messages, videos, and photos, consequently fostering interpersonal relationships (Boyd and Ellison, 2007), with some ties being stronger than others (Money et al., 1998). Thus, social media users can often choose whether they want to share messages with both weak and strong ties or with strong ties only. For instance, popular platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram allow users to share information with the general public or within friendship circles only. If indeed people read and share advertising messages at least partly to obtain useful information (O’Donohoe, 1994), we hypothesize: H1: Consumers will have greater intentions to share promotional messages with their strong ties. |