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عنوان فارسی مقاله: | آیا نظریه مفهوم سازی زمینه ای رفتار برنامه ریزی شده دلیل حضور نوجوانان در محیط های مجازی را توضیح می دهد؟ |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Does a contextualized theory of planned behavior explain why teenagers stay in virtual worlds? |
رشته های مرتبط: | علوم اجتماعی، مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات و علوم ارتباطات اجتماعی، پژوهشگری اجتماعی، اینترنت و شبکه های گسترده، روابط عمومی |
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توضیحات | ترجمه صفحات 2 تا 4 این مقاله موجود نمی باشد. |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f333 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction Virtual worlds (VWs) are a rapidly emerging socio-technical reality for an increasing number of users, particularly young people. By May 2012, VWs had received 1.9 billion registered users, 60% of whom are between 5 and 15 years of age (kZero, 2012). As an example, Habbo Hotel—the largest VW for teenagers—has attracted 275 million registered users since its inception in 2000 (Sulake Corporation, 2013). The issue of continued use in VWs and other online services is of utmost interest to academics and business practitioners, as only a proportion of the registered accounts remain active, users are hard to retain, and lost users are even more difficult to win back (cf. Schwarz, Schwarz, Jung, Pérez-Mira, & Wiley-Patton, 2012; Sulake Corporation, 2013). In the literature, VWs are defined as persistent computersimulated environments in which multiple users interact simultaneously through avatars (Bainbridge, 2007). VWs embody a variety of functions and activities that tap into the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation contributing to the attitude toward using these systems (Verhagen, Feldberg, van den Hooff, Meents, & Merikivi, 2012). Further, when employing VWs for one of their purposes, users do so through interaction with a changeable group of other people (Chaturvedi, Dolk, & Drnevich, 2011, p. 675). Therefore, we suggest that social influence affects user behavior in VWs (Hau & Kim, 2011). With respect to system controllability, VWs feature simultaneous events that are to be navigated through an avatar. Bearing this in mind, it is reasonable to suggest that VW users need specific skills to control their activity in the system (Goel, Junglas, Ives, & Johnson, 2012). Although recent studies have provided new and valuable insights into the diverse mechanisms that are unique to the use of VWs (Behm-Morawitz, 2013; Faiola, Newlon, Pfaff, & Smyslova, 2013; Goel, Johnson, Junglas, & Ives, 2011; Mäntymäki & Islam, 2014; Saunders, Rutkowski, van Genuchten, Vogel, & Orrego, 2011), little effort has been made to integrate these perspectives into a single theoretical structure that would explain why young people engage in VWs on a sustained basis. To address this gap we adopt the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) (Hsieh, Rai, & Keil, 2008; Pavlou & Fygenson, 2006; Taylor & Todd, 1995a, 1995b) as it allows us to pursue a theory-based decomposition of attitudes, social influences and system controllability and investigate their effects on the continued use intention of VWs.1 The data is gathered from the largest VW for teenagers, Habbo Hotel. This study makes three contributions. First, we shed light on young people’s intentions to continue using a VW service. Bearing in mind that young people are the majority of users in VWs, investigating socialpractices withthis groupisparticularly relevant for further academic pursuits. Second, we provide insights into the roles and relative influences of attitudinal beliefs, social influences, and system controllability as the antecedents of continued VW use. Third, we add to the body of theoretical knowledge of how and to what extent DTPB predicts VW users’ continued use intentions. 2. Research background To choose the relevant theoretical perspectives to explain continued VW use, and to support the selection of viable constructs to measure it empirically, we conducted a context-centric review of the body of research literature on users’ post-adoption behavior in VWs. Based on review, a pool of nine empirical studies is summarized in Table 1. As Table 1 demonstrates, there is no single theoretical framework that dominates the research on the continued use of VWs (Schwarz et al., 2012). Indeed, the review demonstrates that only a few studies have investigated post-adoption behavior in VWs, and that a systematic integrative investigation of the role of attitudinal beliefs, social influences, and system controllability has been lacking. Although the available studies reflect diverging theoretical orientations, the DTPB has not yet been subjected to an empirical investigation in this context. We believe that the nomological structure ofthe DTPB is well suited to accommodating and expanding upon the constructs that emerged from the review as it offers applicable constructs to address users’ motives and goals related to use (Barnes, 2011; Billieux et al., 2013; Mäntymäki & Islam, 2014; Mäntymäki & Salo, 2011; Nevo, Nevo, & Kim, 2012; Zhou, Jin, Vogel, Fang, & Chen, 2011). The DTPB (Taylor & Todd, 1995a, 1995b) draws upon theory of planned behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) by proposing a decomposition of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control into attitudinal, normative, and control beliefs. The attitude is viewed as a function of cognitive beliefs and refers to an “individual’s positive or negative feeling (evaluative affect) about performing the target behavior” (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975, p. 216). Congruently, subjective norm in turn represents the social influences on behavior and refers to the perception about whether others important to an individual believe that he or she should perform a particular behavior (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). Finally, perceived behavioral control captures the constraints on behavior and refers to the “perceived ease or difficulty of performing a behavior and it is assumed to reflect past experience as well as anticipated impediments and obstacles” (Ajzen, 1991, p. 188). In our effort to contextualize the theoretical approach to explaining continued VW usage, the attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are disaggregated in beliefs that are assumed to be of interest in this research setting. The logic behind the decomposition places specificity before generalization. Hence a deeper reconstruction of the constructs considered to be influential to users’ behavioral intentions is achieved (Midgley, 1984). In doing so, we meetimportant model-building criteria, such as accuracy, depth, predictive power, and originality (Bunge, 1961), thereby contributing to the theoretical and managerial value of our findings. |