دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی تاثیر تنش نمک بر رشد گیاه و متابولیسم لوبیا به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | تاثیر تنش نمک بر رشد گیاه و متابولیسم لوبیا |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | (Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean plant Vicia faba (L. |
رشته های مرتبط: | زیست شناسی، کشاورزی، علوم باغبانی، علوم گیاهی، فیزیولوژی گیاهی و علوم سلولی و مولکولی |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f293 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Abstract The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0.0, 60, 120, 240 mM) on growth, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, protein content of (Vicia faba L.) seedlings was investigated. NaCl caused an increase in plant height with low and medium concentrations and a decrease with the highest concentration, in both measurement periods. No significant effect was observed in the number of leaves or leaf area with low concentration, while a decrease was noticed for each, with two higher concentrations and in both measurement periods. Salinity increased both fresh and dry weights of the shoot in the two measurement periods. Osmotic potential (O.P.) showed a significant decrease with the increase in concentrations, and in the duration of the stress periods. Salinity significantly reduced chlorophyll ‘a’ content in both measurement periods. It also significantly reduced chlorophyll ‘b’, total chl., and carotenoids contents after ten days of treatment. An increase was observed in the protein content in the two measurement periods due to the impact of salinity stress. A directly proportional relationship was found between protein content and the increase in salt concentrations in the first measurement period, while it was inversely proportional in the second. 1. Introduction The over salinity of the soil is one of the main factors that limits the spread of plants in their natural habitats. It is an everincreasing problem in arid and semi arid regions (Shanon, 1986). Fisher and Turner (1978) estimate that arid and semi arid lands represent around 40% of the earth’s area. The property of salinity tolerance is not a simple attribute, but it is an outcome of various features that depend on different physiological interactions, which are difficult to determine. The morphological appearance presented by the plant in response to salinity, may not be enough to determine its effect, so it is important to recognize other physiological and biochemical factors, including toxic ions, osmotic potential, lack of elements and other physiological and chemical disorders, as well as the interactions between these various stresses (Munns, 1993, 2002; Neumann, 1997; Yao, 1998; Hasegewa et al., 2000). From the results of the studies, which looked at the effect of salt stress on growth, one can notice a connection between the decrease in plant length and the increase in the concentration of sodium chloride (Beltagi et al., 2006; Mustard and Renault, 2006; Gama et al., 2007; Jamil et al., 2007; Houimli et al., 2008; Rui et al., 2009; Memon et al., 2010). Numerous studies showed the affection of leaf area negatively by using different concentrations of NaCl (Raul et al., 2003; Netondo et al., 2004; Mathur et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2007; Yilmaz and Kina, 2008; Rui et al., 2009). The harmful influence of salinity on leaf number, also increases with the increase in concentration, according to the studies held by Raul et al. (2003), Jamil et al. (2005), Gama et al. (2007), Ha et al. (2008). Many studies have shown that the fresh and dry weights of the shoot system are affected, either negatively or positively, by changes in salinity concentration, type of salt present, or type of plant species (Bayuelo Jimenez et al., 2002; Jamil et al., 2005; Niaz et al., 2005; Saqib et al., 2006; Turan et al., 2007; Saffan, 2008; Rui et al., 2009; Taffouo et al., 2009, 2010; Memon et al., 2010). Changes in water relations of plants that are stressed by salinity, can be seen in certain studies that confirm that, many plants undergo osmotic regulation when they are exposed to salt stress by increasing the negativity of the osmotic potential of the leaf sap (Rodriguez et al., 1997; Gama et al., 2007, 2009; Kaymakanova and Stoeva, 2008; Kaymakanova et al., 2008). Many studies confirm the inhibitory effect of salinity on biochemical processes, of which photosynthesis is the most important. The effect on photosynthesis can be gauged from the effect on the photosynthetic pigments. The results of specific studies (Sultana et al., 2000; Tort and Turkyilmaz, 2004; Misra et al., 2006; Murillo-Amador et al., 2007; Taffouo et al., 2010) clearly indicate that salinity reduces the content of photosynthetic pigments in treated plants. Protein content can also be affected negatively or positively, by salt stress. The results of certain studies (Sultana et al., 2000; Tort and Turkyilmaz, 2004; Beltagi et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2007; Kapoor and Srivastava, 2010) demonstrate a decrease, or increase, in protein content in plants treated with different salt concentrations. Agriculture plays a pioneering role in economical development in many countries, especially in Saudi Arabia. However, salinity, which affects most areas of the kingdom, represents one of the main obstacles that limit the expansion of the agricultural area or the increase in agricultural production for many crops. High salinity is due to the high concentration of soluble salts in irrigation waters and the high rate of evaporation caused by the high temperatures in Saudi Arabia, ineffi- cient drainage, or soil type. Bean is one of the important economic cereal crops, a cereal used as food for both people and animals, besides its capacity to tolerate salinity. In light of this, our research aims to study the effect of salt stress, using different concentrations of sodium chloride, on the growth and metabolism of Vicia faba (L.) and to determine the extent of its tolerance of salinity. |