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دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی فعالیت نورونی هیپوکامپال مداوم در انسان: آیا سرو صداست یا فرایند فرکتال همبسته است؟ به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | فعالیت نورونی هیپوکامپال مداوم در انسان: آیا سرو صداست یا فرایند فرکتال همبسته است؟ |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Ongoing Hippocampal Neuronal Activity in Human: Is it Noise or Correlated Fractal Process? |
رشته های مرتبط: | زیست شناسی، پزشکی، مغز و اعصاب، علوم سلولی و مولکولی |
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توضیحات | ترجمه صفحات 4الی 10 این مقاله موجود نیست |
نشریه | اسپرینگر – Springer |
کد محصول | f257 |
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خلاصه: الگوهای پیش زمینه یا در حال انجام در فعالیت های داخل بدن، حتی در غیاب هر گونه محرک خارجی، کاملا نامنظم هستند و هیچ ساختار یا تکراری در توالی شلیک نورونی دیده نمی شود. در نتیجه، الگوی شلیک مداوم یک نورون اغلب به صورت نویزهای تورونی در نظر گرفته می شود که به صورات سنتی به صورت یک فرایند نقطه ای تصادفی مدل شده است، یعنی، روند جدید خالی از هر گونه ارتباطی میان بازه-سنبله درونی متوالی (ISI) است. اما یک دیدگاه جایگزین تازه در حال ظهور است که فعالیت مداوم ممکن است الگویی منسجم زمانی-فضایی نشان دهد، که این یک ویژگی فرایند های فرکتال با ارتباط دوربرد است. در اینجا، ما ماهیت نوسانات نامنظم الگوی شلیک نورونی مداوم نورون های واقع در هیپوکامپ انسان را با استفاده از روش های زیر بررسی کردیم: i) تجزیه و تحلیل نوسانات detrended (DFA)، ii) انتروپی چند مقیاسی |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Summary The patterns of background or ongoing in vivo activity, even in the absence of any external stimulus, are quite irregular showing no clear structure or repetitiveness in the neuronal firing sequences. Consequently, the ongoing firing pattern of a neuron is mostly considered as a neuronal noise which is traditionally modeled as a stochastic Point process, i.e., renewal process which is devoid of any correlation between successive inter-spike-interval (ISI). But a recently emerging alternative view is that the ongoing activity may possess sptaio-temporally coherent patterns, a feature of fractal process with long-range correlation. Here, we investigated the nature of irregular fluctuations of ongoing neuronal firing pattern of neurons located in human hippocampus by the following methods: (i) detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) , (ii) multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis, and (iii) convergence of the statistical moment analysis (CMA). Neuronal activity was recorded in the absence of any explicit cognitive task while the subjects were awake. Both the DFA and MSE analysis clearly show that the ongoing firing patterns are not well described by a renewal process, rather they show long-range power-law correlations, representing ongoing memory effects, which possibly arises from a fractal process. Further, these neurons showed slow convergence of statistical moments. Such long-range correlations are also corroborated by statistical control sequences. Neurons which exhibit long-range correlations also exhibit statistically nonsignificant correlations with other neighboring neurons. The presence of long-range correlations is a characteristic of fractal-like dynamics, representing memory or history in the firing patterns. We propose that this type of spatio-temporal correlations may be used to optimize information transfer and storage at hippocampal synapses. The presence of correlation in the ongoing pattern also suggests the influence of pre-stimulus sequence on shaping the post-stimulus responses. Further, these findings call for the modification of the existing neural modeling approaches. 1 Introduction Spontaneous electrical activity, the neuronal activity which is observed in the absence of obvious external stimuli, is a prominent characteristic of the electrical activity of the central nervous system. Such ongoing or background activity is found from the microscopic level, recorded in the form of action potentials of a single neuron, to the macroscopic level, recorded in the form of global cortical oscillations. The principal feature of spontaneous activity is its extremely irregular fluctuations, i.e. lack of repetitiveness. The spontaneous activity is traditionally assumed as merely ‘noise’ in the nervous system which does not carry any meaningful information [1,2]. The obvious consequence of this assumption is that the post-stimulus response is uncorrelated to the pre-stimulus or ongoing responses. While analyzing single unit (i.e. neuron) data, the mean firing rate is proposed to possess the relevant stimulus-related information, while the temporal dependencies between successive action potentials (i.e. spikes) are completely ignored. In this framework, the inter-spike-interval (ISI) sequence of a single in vivo neuron is theoretically considered as a realization of a homogenous Poisson point process (HPP), i.e. renewal process (RP) [3]. The HPP is memoryless: the occurrence of a spike at any time t1 is independent of the presence or absence of spikes at other times tzt1. Hence, both the spike intervals and the spike counts form the sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables: there is no significant correlation present in the spike train generated by a HPP process, and the HPP interval process is completely described by the inter-spike-interval distribution function, which is a static measure. Contrary to this assumption, recent findings [4-9] show that there are long-term correlations among ISIs. This long-range correlation is indicative of a fractal point process, which is statistically self-similar or scale-invariant. For a renewal process, higher-order interval and count distributions can be computed knowing only the first-order ISI distribution, but for fractal process, correlations and memory effects in the ISI sequence cannot be explained by the first-order ISI distribution. However, detection of the long-range correlation in ISI sequence with finite number of spikes is not a trivial task since it is shown [10-11] that certain signals may appear as a longrange correlated process according to one method but not necessarily according to another method. Thus, instead of emphasizing the results of one method, we recommend to perform multiple and complementary tests of correlation and compare the results to exclude the spurious findings of long-range correlation. In this current study, we analyze the variability of spontaneous activity of in vivo single neuron recorded from human hippocampus. Our main aim is to investigate which process, renewal process or a fractal like process, better characterizes the fluctuations of the ISI patterns? A battery of methods was adopted. We observed that majority of the neurons showed long-range power-law correlations in their firing patterns and these neurons presented statistically significant inter-neuronal correlations. The presence of such long-range correlations is a strong signature of the fractal like process governing the neuronal dynamics. |