این مقاله انگلیسی ISI در نشریه الزویر در 15 صفحه در سال 2000 منتشر شده و ترجمه آن 30 صفحه میباشد. کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله رایگان – برنزی ⭐️ بوده و به صورت خلاصه و ناقص ترجمه شده است.
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
تکنیک میکرونوکلئوس در در شرایط آزمایشگاهی |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
The in vitro micronucleus technique |
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مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی | |
فرمت مقاله انگلیسی | |
سال انتشار | 2000 |
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 15 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
نوع مقاله | ISI |
نوع نگارش | مقاله پژوهشی (Research article) |
نوع ارائه مقاله | ژورنال |
رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله | زیست شناسی |
گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله | ژنتیک، علوم سلولی و مولکولی |
چاپ شده در مجله (ژورنال) | تحقیقات جهش – Mutation Research |
کلمات کلیدی | آسیب DNA، کروموزوم، سم شناسی ژنتیکی |
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی | DNA damage – Chromosome – Genetic toxicology |
ارائه شده از دانشگاه | علوم بهداشت و تغذیه CSIRO ، استرالیا |
نمایه (index) | scopus – JCR – MedLine |
شناسه شاپا یا ISSN | 0027-5107 |
شناسه دیجیتال – doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(00)00065-8 |
ایمپکت فاکتور(IF) مجله | 0.000 در سال 2019 |
شاخص H_index مجله | 16 در سال 2020 |
شاخص SJR مجله | 0.111 در سال 2019 |
شاخص Q یا Quartile (چارک) | Q4 در سال 2019 |
بیس | نیست ☓ |
مدل مفهومی | ندارد ☓ |
پرسشنامه | ندارد ☓ |
متغیر | ندارد ☓ |
رفرنس | دارای رفرنس در انتهای مقاله ✓ |
کد محصول | F1716 |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
مشخصات و وضعیت ترجمه فارسی این مقاله | |
فرمت ترجمه مقاله | pdf و ورد تایپ شده با قابلیت ویرایش |
وضعیت ترجمه | انجام شده و آماده دانلود |
کیفیت ترجمه | ترجمه رایگان – برنزی ⭐️ |
تعداد صفحات ترجمه تایپ شده با فرمت ورد با قابلیت ویرایش | 30 صفحه (3 صفحه رفرنس انگلیسی) با فونت 14 B Nazanin |
ترجمه عناوین تصاویر و جداول | ترجمه شده است ✓ |
ترجمه متون داخل تصاویر | ترجمه شده است ✓ |
ترجمه متون داخل جداول | ترجمه شده است ✓ |
ترجمه ضمیمه | ندارد ☓ |
ترجمه پاورقی | ندارد ☓ |
درج تصاویر در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
درج جداول در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
درج فرمولها و محاسبات در فایل ترجمه | به صورت عکس درج شده است ✓ |
منابع داخل متن | درج نشده است ☓ |
منابع انتهای متن | به صورت انگلیسی درج شده است ✓ |
کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله پایین میباشد. |
توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت خلاصه و ناقص انجام شده است. |
فهرست مطالب |
چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه |
چکیده |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی |
Abstract The study of DNA damage at the chromosome level is an essential part of genetic toxicology because chromosomal mutation is an important event in carcinogenesis. The micronucleus assays have emerged as one of the preferred methods for assessing chromosome damage because they enable both chromosome loss and chromosome breakage to be measured reliably. Because micronuclei can only be expressed in cells that complete nuclear division a special method was developed that identifies such cells by their binucleate appearance when blocked from performing cytokinesis by cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B), a microfilament-assembly inhibitor. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay allows better precision because the data obtained are not confounded by altered cell division kinetics caused by cytotoxicity of agents tested or sub-optimal cell culture conditions. The method is now applied to various cell types for population monitoring of genetic damage, screening of chemicals for genotoxic potential and for specific purposes such as the prediction of the radiosensitivity of tumours and the inter-individual variation in radiosensitivity. In its current basic form the CBMN assay can provide, using simple morphological criteria, the following measures of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity: chromosome breakage, chromosome loss, chromosome rearrangement (nucleoplasmic bridges), cell division inhibition, necrosis and apoptosis. The cytosine-arabinoside modification of the CBMN assay allows for measurement of excision repairable lesions. The use of molecular probes enables chromosome loss to be distinguished from chromosome breakage and importantly non-disjunction in non-micronucleated binucleated cells can be efficiently measured. The in vitro CBMN technique, therefore, provides multiple and complementary measures of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity which can be achieved with relative ease within one system. The basic principles and methods (including detailed scoring criteria for all the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity end-points) of the CBMN assay are described and areas for future development identified. 1. Introduction The observation that chromosome damage can be caused by exposure to ionising radiation or carcinogenic chemicals was among the first reliable evidence that physical and chemical agents can cause major alterations to the genetic material of eukaryotic cells [1]. Although our understanding of chromosome structure is incomplete, evidence suggests that chromosome abnormalities are a direct consequence and manifestation of damage at the DNA level — for example, chromosome breaks may result from unrepaired double strand breaks in DNA and chromosome rearrangements may result from misrepair of strand breaks in DNA [2]. It is also recognised that chromosome loss and malsegregation of chromosomes (non-disjunction) are an important event in cancer and ageing and that they are probably caused by defects in the spindle, centromere or as a consequence of undercondensation of chromosome structure before metaphase [3–5]. In the classical cytogenetic techniques, chromosomes are studied directly by observing and counting aberrations in metaphases [6]. This approach provides the most detailed analysis, but the complexity and laboriousness of enumerating aberrations in metaphase and the confounding effect of artefactual loss of chromosomes from metaphase preparations has stimulated the development of a simpler system of measuring chromosome damage. It was proposed independently by Schmid [7] and Heddle [8] that an alternative and simpler approach to assess chromosome damage in vivo was to measure micronuclei (MNi), also known as Howell–Jolly bodies to haematologists, in dividing cell populations such as the bone-marrow. The micronucleus assay in bone-marrow and peripheral blood erythrocytes is now one of the best established in vivo cytogenetic assays in the field of genetic toxicology, however, it is not a technique that is applicable to other cell populations in vivo or in vitro and methods have since been developed for measuring MNi in a variety of nucleated cells in vitro. MNi are expressed in dividing cells that either contain chromosome breaks lacking centromeres (acentric fragments) and/or whole chromosomes that are unable to travel to the spindle poles during mitosis. At telophase, a nuclear envelope forms around the lagging chromosomes and fragments, which then uncoil and gradually assume the morphology of an interphase nucleus with the exception that they are smaller than the main nuclei in the cell, hence the term “micronucleus” (Fig. 1). MNi, therefore, provide a convenient and reliable index of both chromosome breakage and chromosome loss. Because MNi are expressed in cells that have completed nuclear division they are ideally scored in the binucleated stage of the cell cycle [9,10]. Occasionally nucleoplasmic bridges between nuclei in a binucleated cell are observed. These are probably dicentric chromosomes in which the two centromeres were pulled to opposite poles of the cell and the DNA in the resulting bridge covered by nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). Thus, nucleoplasmic bridges in binucleated cells provide an additional and complementary measure of chromosome rearrangement, which can be scored together with the micronucleus count. |
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
تکنیک میکرونوکلئوس در در شرایط آزمایشگاهی |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
The in vitro micronucleus technique |
|