دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله تاثیر تمرینات درمانی سه ماهه و ارگونومیک بر اختلال اسکلتی عضلانی (نشریه Sciencedomain 2015)

تاثیر تمرینات درمانی سه ماهه و ارگونومیک بر اساس فضای مجازی بر اختلال اسکلتی عضلانی در کاربران رایانه

The Effect of Three-Month Therapeutic and Ergonomic Exercise Based on Virtual Space on Musculoskeletal Disorder in Computer Users

Abstract

Introduction: One of the developed groups in the current society is computer users which has increased its importance taking daily development of computer among different social classes. Computer users are apt to musculoskeletal disorders; so the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of three-month modification and ergonomic exercises based on virtual space on musculoskeletal disorder in computer users.

Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 75 computer users were randomly placed in control group (ergonomic) and so were the same number in the experimental group (a combination including therapeutic and ergonomic exercises). The diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders were received through virtual space in both groups. The control group was engaged in ergonomic therapeutic exercise and the experimental group received therapeutic exercise besides ergonomic therapeutic interventions. The pain and disability rates were evaluated before and after three-month intervention through Nordik’s modified questionnaire. In order to analyze the findings Chi-squared test was applied.

Findings: Lumbago and neck pain decreased in the individuals suffered from waist and neck disorder in experimental group (athletic and ergonomic rehabilitation based on virtual space) comparing to control group both in 12-month and past 7 days evaluations (p<0.01). Moreover, the pain in shoulder, back, knee and ankle has significantly decreased in the experimental group comparing to control group in 12-month evaluation.

Conclusion: It can be inferred from the findings of the study that the application of therapeutic and ergonomic exercise based on virtual space leads to the improvement of chronic musculoskeletal disorders in computer users. Therefore doing such kinds of exercise is advised.

۱ Introduction

The computer has become one of the most effective and applicable instruments made by the human in the past few decades, in a way that most of the activities are difficult or even impossible to do without computer; so the number of the computers and their users has daily increased to such an extent that considering an office without computer and its user is impossible; hence the concerns regarding vocational musculoskeletal disorders, damages or musculoskeletal tissues disorders concomitant with risk factors in work setting have been raised [1-3].

For the people who spend much of their time working with computer, these disorders are a common problem [4,5]. Using the computer leads to the increase of the risks of pain, itch and anesthesia in the neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist and the hand [6-8]. Similarly, the reports stated that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disease is more in the employees who work with the computer than other staff and workers [9] and computer users are apt to develop musculoskeletal signs with 50% prevalence [10]. According to a report about those employees who work with the computer, 27% of them have pain in their necks and shoulders [11]. Repetitive movements, inappropriate body posture while working, stress resulting from local contact and static body posture are among the most important causes of creating musculoskeletal disorders which are made while working with the computer [12-16]. The only factor creating musculoskeletal disorders is not ergonomic exposures; however it depends on age, gender, individual sensitivities, daily working hours, mental stress, job satisfaction and physical fitness too [12-15,16]. Regarding musculoskeletal disorders resulting from working with computer and office works, numerous studies have been carried out around the world. A study which was conducted on an American sample indicated that the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders was 54% in computer users and the major difference in musculoskeletal disorders was observed among women in their necks and shoulders [17]. Many studies have reported the existence of musculoskeletal disorder among computer users [18-24].

The results of the research by the united states ministry of education implies that 97% of high school students, 91% pre-high school students and 80% of kindergarten children use the computer [25] and it shows that many people are working with computers in various jobs.

So it would be desirable to design and apply a method to diagnose, rehabilitate, treat, prevention and inform such people through available facilities in virtual space (internet) in order to provide efficient, suitable and costeffective treatment for computer and internet users.

Therefore considering high frequency of vocational factors among computer users and high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in this group, the importance of prevention and treatment of these disorders in work setting through computer seems necessary, so the objective of the present research is to compare the effect of two therapeutic and ergonomic methods based on virtual space on computer users suffering from lumbago.