دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی اشتیاق برای رشد و دستیابی به رشد: نقش تعدیل کننده منابع و فرصتها به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | اشتیاق برای رشد و دستیابی به رشد: نقش تعدیل کننده منابع و فرصت ها |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Aspiring for, and Achieving Growth: The Moderating Role of Resources and Opportunities |
رشته های مرتبط: | مدیریت، اقتصاد، توسعه اقتصادی و برنامه ریزی، مدیریت کسب و کار، مدیریت بازرگانی، سیاستهای تحقیق و توسعه |
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کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله خوب میباشد |
توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله تا صفحه 9 انجام شده است. |
نشریه | وایلی – wiley |
کد محصول | f149 |
مقاله انگلیسی رایگان |
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جستجوی ترجمه مقالات | جستجوی ترجمه مقالات |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: چکیده در این مقاله، ما از نظریهی رفتار برنامهریزی شده برای توسعهی یک مدل آرمانهای رشد و سطح رشد حاصل شدهی مدیران تجارت کوچک استفاده میکنیم. ما به طور تجربی، این مدل را روی مجموعه دادههای طولی بزرگ شرکتهای کوچک با استفاده از رگرسیون سلسلهمراتبی تست میکنیم. سازگار با یافتههای قبلی و فرضیات دیگران، ما کشف میکنیم که آرمانهای مدیران تجاری کوچک برای توسعهی فعالیتهای تجاری خود، دارای ارتباط مثبت با رشد واقعی است. اگرچه به نظر میرسد که رابطهی بین آرمانها و رشد، پیچیدهتر از آن چه است که بیان میشود. آن بستگی به سطح آموزش و تجربهی مدیران تجاری کوچک و همچنین پویایی محیط عمل تجارتها دارد. پویایی محیطی، آموزش و تجربه، تاثیری را که آرمانهای رشد فرد روی تحقق رشد دارند بزرگنمایی میکند. |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Abstract In this article, we use the theory of planned behaviour to develop a model of small business managers’ growth aspirations and the level of growth achieved. We empirically test this model on a large longitudinal data set of small firms using hierarchical regression. Consistent with previous findings and others’ assumptions, we find that small business managers’ aspirations to expand their business activities are positively related to actual growth. However, the relationship between aspirations and growth appears more complex than stated. It depends on the level of education and experience of the small business manager as well as the dynamism of the environment in which the business(es) operates. Education, experience and environmental dynamism magnify the effect that one’s growth aspirations have on the realization of growth. INTRODUCTION In most economic literature, the economic motive is taken for granted; people act in ways to maximize their profits. Psychologists, concerned with all aspects of human behaviour, have a more diverse view of the motives underlying economic behaviour. In the small business context, this diverse view may be of particular importance. We know that people start and operate their own firms for a variety of reasons other than maximizing economic returns (Davidsson, 1989a; Delmar, 1996; Kolvereid, 1992; Storey, 1994). The fulfilment of non-economic personal goals, such as gaining independence or developing own ideas, are stated as primary reasons for operating one’s own firm (Douglas and Shepherd, 2000). Whether or not running a small firm actually leads to the fulfilment of personal goals is an open question. It depends on whether there is a strong link between the small business manager’s goals and motivations on the one hand and business outcomes on the other, i.e., the extent to which business outcomes are under volitional control. Small firm growth may be an area where volitional control is of particular interest. On the one hand, there is reason to believe that the personal motivation of the small business manager is linked to growth outcomes. Growth implies radical changes of the business characteristics. These changes may run counter to the founder’s initial goals of, for instance, personal independence. Indeed, previous research indicates that expectations of changed work conditions is a primary concern for small business managers, which in turn affects their motivation to expand their businesses (Wiklund et al., 1997). This suggests that motivational differences may be an explanation as to why there are such large differences in small firm outcomes. On the other hand, there is reason to believe that small business growth is a function of the small business manager’s personal abilities. Concerning small firms, the ability of top management is regarded as one of the key capabilities ( Jennings and Beaver, 1997). In order to expand his or her business, the small business manager must have the ability to secure the resources needed for growth as well as the capability of developing the organization (Covin and Slevin, 1997; Sexton and Bowman-Upton, 1991). Thus, it would appear that personal ability plays an important role in small firm growth. Relatively few studies have empirically investigated the link between motivation on the one hand, and small firm growth on the other. The relative scarcity of such studies may be attributed to research design requirements, as temporal separation of motivation and growth outcomes is necessary. Firm growth is not instantaneous. The motivations and behaviours of today will affect size changes into the future. Therefore, it is important to assess motivation at one point of time and size changes from that point onwards. We found only four published studies investigating the relationship between motivation and growth using such a design (i.e., Bellu and Sherman, 1995; Kolvereid and Bullvåg, 1996; Miner et al., 1994; Mok and van den Tillaart, 1990). Each finds some support for a positive relationship between motivation and growth, although these relationships are generally not very strong |