دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله ارزیابی پتانسیل ساختار زمین و الگوی مکانی آن در چین (نشریه الزویر ۲۰۱۱)

ارزیابی پتانسیل ساختار زمین و الگوی مکانی آن در چین

Assessing construction land potential and its spatial pattern in China

Abstract

The assessment of construction land potential is a key foundation in the processes of future urbanization, development, and industrialization. Given its background of land resources scarcity, there is a critical need to precisely evaluate land resources in China, especially its construction land potential. This paper determines the thresholds of factors based on references in different fields, defines the arithmetic formulae according to the logical relations of the factors, extracts data from the maps, and calculates the results. This assessment uses GIS spatial analysis techniques, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), TM remote sensing land use map, administrative maps at the county level, and land use investigation data to derive the spatial pattern of construction land potential of China for 2008. The results show that: (1) construction land potential in China amounts to 283,400 km2, which accounts for 2.99% of total land area and 0.021 ha/person; and (2) the spatial distribution of supply and demand of construction land potential currently is unbalanced, with areas such as Central China, East China, and metropolitan regions having low potential but high demand, while areas such as the northern part of China having high potential but low demand. It is suggested here that construction land potential could be seen as a key integrative indicator of the land carrying capacity of various regions for future population aggregation, industrialization and urbanization development. The assessment of construction land potential would be significant to diagnosing land resources and making sound development strategies in order to achieve regional sustainable development.

۱ Introduction

In the past 30 years, China has experienced tremendous levels of rapid and sustained economic growth and large-scale urbanization. Urbanization now is taking place at an unprecedented rate in China, with rapid economic development and population growth (Liu, Wang, & Long, 2008). The most remarkable growth occurred in coastal areas of East China, especially in those large cities whose urban centers are surrounded by secondary cities and rural townships (Deng & Huang, 2004). As a result of rapid urbanization, China now is experiencing a dramatic loss of arable land (Ding et al., 2007; Gao, Liu, & Chen, 2006; Xu, Wang, & Xiao, 2000), in a country with a vast population and scarce land per capita (Yang & Li, 2000). The national conditions of scarce land area per capita and acute humanland conflict have been exacerbated by the natural environment of vast plateaus, mountains and arid regions and relatively scarce plains, basins and river valleys and the huge population base in China. As such, China’s future land use and development must be efficient and intensely managed (Fan & Li, 2009; Li & Guo, 2007). Given these shortages of land resources and rigid farmland conservation policies, it is critical to effectively measure the potential of land resources of its various regions, especially construction land potential and its spatial pattern, as a fundamental principle in the sustainable development of China. The effects of land use change in rapidly urbanizing areas are well known (Quan, Zhu, & Romkens, 2007; Wu, Su, & Zhang, 2006; Xu, 2001). Urban expansion and spatial restructuring of land use patterns in the Pearl River Delta of South China have been analyzed (Li & Yeh, 2004), and the factors responsible for causing land use changes also have been identified (MacLeod & Moller, 2006; Rasul, Thapa, & Zoebisch, 2004; Tzanopoulos & Vogiatzakis, 2011). GISbased analysis system, biophysical and system approaches have also been developed for land use management and its simulation (Lee, Huang, & Chan, 2008; Liu et al., 2007). Yeh and Li (1998) developed a sustainable land development model to ensure equity between productivity and efficiency in land use. Liu, Wang, and Long (2010) explored the impact of land use change on the ecoenvironment and sustainable rural development in southern Jiangsu Province by elucidating the trend of arable land loss and its spatial pattern. Previous work on land use change in China, however, has failed to address land use potential and its role in sustainable development. These previous studies limited their focus on the land use changes, even though they have assessed the impact of these changes on the environment. Further, most studies concentrated on land use change in general, or on a specific land use type such as arable land. Few studies have examined the issue of construction land potential and its spatial pattern at a relatively large scale from the perspective of regional sustainable development in China (Fan & Li, 2009). These tremendous achievements of rapid and sustained economic growth and large-scale urbanization in China have not occurred without detrimental costs to resources and the environment. Most regions with rapid economic growth, especially metropolitan regions, have chaotic industrial layouts and disordered urban spaces (Zhang & Li, 2007). There are additional problems such as inefficiency of land use caused by irrational structure of urban construction, a sharp decline of arable land area caused by large-scale urbanization, and serious environmental pollution caused by dispersive industrial parks distribution (Zhang & Feng, 2007). In 15–۲۰ years, China’s economic and urban development will maintain a rapid and sustained growth as before, and the aggregate economic volume will be about 14,000–۱۹,۰۰۰ billion USD, and the total urban population will reach to 800–۹۰۰ million (The State Council, 2010). It is important for the Chinese government to formulate a scientific strategy for future developmentthat can effectively address a very large and growing economy and expanding urban population. The overall aim of this paper is to quantify a measure of the construction land potential of all counties in China and its spatial pattern from a perspective of regional sustainable development, which could be used to address future population agglomeration, industrial organization, and urban development. The specific aims are: (1) to define construction land potential and develop a metric for its quantification;(2)to apply this metric to all counties in China using assembled for 2008; and (3) to discuss the implementation of this metric and its potential use in future expansion of urbanization and industrialization to achieve sustainable development at the regional scale.