این مقاله انگلیسی ISI در نشریه الزویر در 8 صفحه در سال 2009 منتشر شده و ترجمه آن 20 صفحه میباشد. کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله رایگان – برنزی ⭐️ بوده و به صورت ناقص ترجمه شده است.
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
کمپوست مشترک پوسته برنج و / یا خاک اره با کود مرغ در شمال شرق آرژانتین |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Co-composting rice hulls and/or sawdust with poultry manure in NE Argentina |
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مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی (PDF) | |
سال انتشار | 2009 |
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 8 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله | زیست شناسی، کشاورزی و محیط زیست |
گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله | میکروبیولوژی، بازیافت و مدیریت پسماند، زراعت و اصلاح نباتات |
چاپ شده در مجله (ژورنال) | مدیریت پسماند – Waste Management |
رفرنس | دارد ✓ |
کد محصول | F1415 |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
مشخصات و وضعیت ترجمه فارسی این مقاله | |
وضعیت ترجمه | انجام شده و آماده دانلود |
تعداد صفحات ترجمه تایپ شده با فرمت ورد با قابلیت ویرایش | 20 صفحه (1 صفحه رفرنس انگلیسی) با فونت 14 B Nazanin |
ترجمه عناوین تصاویر و جداول | ترجمه شده است ✓ |
ترجمه متون داخل تصاویر | ترجمه نشده است ☓ |
ترجمه متون داخل جداول | ترجمه نشده است ☓ |
درج تصاویر در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
درج جداول در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله پایین میباشد |
توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت ناقص انجام شده است. |
فهرست مطالب |
چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه |
چکیده |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی |
Abstract Abstract Rice hulls and sawdust are two common C-rich wastes derived from rice and timber agro-industries in subtropical NE Argentina. An alternative to the current management of these wastes (from bedding to uncontrolled burning) is composting. However, given their C-rich nature and high C/N ratio, adequate composting requires mixing with a N-rich waste, such as poultry manure. The effect of different proportions of poultry manure, rice hulls and/or sawdust on composting efficiency and final compost quality was studied. Five piles were prepared with a 2:1 and 1:1 ratio of sawdust or rice hulls to poultry manure, and 1:1:1 of all three materials (V/V). Different indicators of compost stability and quality were measured. Thermophilic phase was shorter for piles with rice hulls than for piles with sawdust (60 days vs. 105 days). Time required for stability was similar for both C-rich wastes (about 180 days). Characteristics of final composts were: pH 5.8–7.2, electrical conductivity 2.5–3.3 mS/cm, organic C 20–26%, total N 2.2–2.9%, lignin 19–22%, total Ca 18–24 g/kg, and extractable P 6–8 g/kg, the latter representing 60% of total P. Nitrogen conservation was high in all piles, especially in the one containing both C-rich wastes. Piles with sawdust were characterized by high total and available N, while piles with only rice hulls had higher Si, K and pH. Extractable P was higher in 1:1 piles, and organic C in 2:1 piles. 1- Introduction In the Mesopotamia region of NE Argentina (provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos) considerable amounts of C-rich wastes are generated from timber and rice agro-industries. Regarding timber industry, Misiones and Corrientes currently process 2,400,000 m3 of sawn timber per year, with 40–50% of waste production in the form of sawdust, wood shavings and bark (SAGPyA, 2003). Concerning rice industry, almost 90% of Argentina’s rice mills are located in Entre Ríos and Corrientes. Rice production in Corrientes during 2002–2003 was 300,000 t, and considering that 20% of this production is discarded as rice hulls, waste production in Corrientes alone amounted to 60,000 t for that period (DECPC, 2005). The fate of these wastes is diverse, from bedding or combustible materials to uncontrolled burning. Considering the high proportion of sandy or highly weathered soils in this region, and the humid subtropical climate, an interesting alternative for processing these wastes is composting, because it produces stable organic matter and nutrients, which can be returned to the soil. However, neither rice hulls nor sawdust can be composted alone, because of their high C/N ratio (greater than 100), high cellulose and lignin concentration, and very low nutrient concentrations. Thus, they must be composted in mixtures with materials rich in nutrients, especially N and easily decomposable C (Rynk et al., 1992; Brodie et al., 2000). For example, in Asia rice hulls and sawdust are often co-composted with animal manures (Haga, 2001; Wang et al., 2005). The province of Entre Ríos has the highest proportion (53%) of broilers in Argentina (37,000,000 birds) and 22% of layers (6,000,000 birds) (SAGPyA, 2007). It is usually considered that waste production is around 1 kg per bird per day for broiler (poultry litter), and 80–100 g per bird per day for layers (poultry manure). Since these wastes have very low C/N ratios (5–9) and high contents of P and base cations, co-composting rice hulls and sawdust with poultry manure is an economically and environmentally sound alternative. Although both carbonous materials have high C/N ratios and low nutrient contents, rice hulls are characterized by a waxed surface and high silica contents which reduce water-holding capacity and could limit microbial attack (Wang et al., 2005; Massey et al., 2007). Thus, it can be expected that, when mixed with the same nutrient-rich manure, rice hulls and sawdust will differentially affect composting efficiency and final compost quality, in terms of length of the process, degree of stabilization, final quantity and quality of organic matter, and total and available nutrients. To elucidate the effect of type and proportion of both carbonous materials, either alone or combined, would contribute to optimize composting performance, and the production of composts with different characteristics and end uses. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of different proportions of rice hulls, sawdust and poultry manure on composting efficiency and final compost quality in experiments conducted as open systems in subtropical NE Argentina.. |
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
کمپوست مشترک پوسته برنج و / یا خاک اره با کود مرغ در شمال شرق آرژانتین |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Co-composting rice hulls and/or sawdust with poultry manure in NE Argentina |
|