این مقاله انگلیسی ISI در نشریه الزویر در سال 2022 منتشر شده که 7 صفحه می باشد، ترجمه فارسی آن نیز 15 صفحه میباشد. کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله عالی بوده و به صورت کامل ترجمه شده است.

نوشته دانلود ترجمه مقاله نانوذرات آلیاژ Pd-Sn جهت اکسیداسیون متانول الکتروکاتالیستی (اسپرینگر 2022) اولین بار در ترجمه فا پدیدار شد.

این مقاله انگلیسی ISI در نشریه الزویر در 6 صفحه در سال 2021 منتشر شده و ترجمه آن 14 صفحه میباشد. کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله ویژه – طلایی ⭐️⭐️⭐️ بوده و به صورت کامل ترجمه شده است.

مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی
فرمت مقاله انگلیسی	pdf و ورد تایپ شده با قابلیت ویرایش
سال انتشار	2021
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی	6 صفحه با فرمت pdf
نوع مقاله	ISI
نوع نگارش	مقاله پژوهشی (Research article)
نوع ارائه مقاله	ژورنال
رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله	مهندسی عمران، مهندسی مواد و مهندسی محیط زیست
گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله	مدیریت ساخت، بازیافت و مدیریت پسماند، مهندسی مواد مرکب یا کامپوزیت
چاپ شده در مجله (ژورنال)	مطالب امروز: مجموعه مقالات – Materials Today: Proceedings
کلمات کلیدی	پایداری، خاکستر سوخت روغن نخل بتن، الیاف پسماند پلاستیکی فلزی شده، خصوصیات فیزیکی و مکانیکی
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی	Sustainability – Concrete – Palm oil fuel ash – Metalized plastic waste fibers – Physical and mechanical properties
ارائه شده از دانشگاه	گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه پرنس ستام بن عبدالعزیز، عربستان سعودی
نویسندگان	Rayed Alyousef – Hossein Mohammadhosseini – Mahmood Md. Tahir – Hisham Alabduljabbar
شناسه شاپا یا ISSN	2214-7853
شناسه دیجیتال – doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.023
ایمپکت فاکتور(IF) مجله	2.474 در سال 2020
شاخص H_index مجله	47 در سال 2021
شاخص SJR مجله	0.341 در سال 2020
بیس	است ✓
مدل مفهومی	ندارد ☓
پرسشنامه	ندارد ☓
متغیر	ندارد ☓
رفرنس	دارای رفرنس در داخل متن و انتهای مقاله ✓
کد محصول	11771
لینک مقاله در سایت مرجع	لینک این مقاله در نشریه Elsevier
نشریه الزویر

نوشته دانلود ترجمه مقاله تولید کامپوزیت های بتن سبز (ساینس دایرکت – الزویر 2021) (ترجمه ویژه – طلایی ⭐️⭐️⭐️) اولین بار در ترجمه فا پدیدار شد.

فهرست مطالب:

چکیده
مقدمه
آزمایش
ساخت و تعیین خصوصیات الکترودها
نتایج و بحث
ریزساختار الکترودهای تولید شده
عملکرد الکتروشیمیایی
ارزیابی میکروسکوپی تجزیه الکتروشیمیایی
نتیجه گیری

بخشی از ترجمه:

 پوشش استرانسیم با ذرات بسیار ریز با ضخامت 0.5 میکرومتر روی فیبرهای با جهات تصادفی کاغذ کربن فیبری رسوب داده شد. این کار برای تولید اند کامپوزیت فیبری کربن استرانسیم برای باطری های قابل شارژ انجام شد. تست های تخلیه شارژ گالوانواستاتیک با ترکم جریان نسبتا بالا نشان دادند که الکترود Sn–CF دارای ظرفیت برگشت پذیر 1.96 میلی آمپر با نگهداشت 50% در مقایسه با 23 درصد در پوشش استرانسیم روسوب یافته روی فویل می می باشد. ظرفیت نگه داشت بالا در الکترود Sn–CFP، به دلایل ذیل بود.
ضخامت اندک و سطح ویژه زیاد پوشش استرانسیم روی فیبر کربن ناشی از افزایش واکنش شیمیایی و مقاومت به تغییر جریان علاوه بر ایفای نقش کلکتورهای جریان جهت دار، فیبرهای کربن در فرایند های لیتیم دار کردن و لیتیم زدایی به عنوان مواد فعال نقش دارند که موجب بهبود عملکرد کل سلول و پایداری ان می شود.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

1. Introduction The most common anode material used in Li-ion batteries is graphite, due to its low cost, availability and durability [1,2]. In graphitic anodes, the Li+ insertion mechanism corresponds to the reversible, progressive intercalation of Li+ ions between graphene layers to reach a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g−1 if LiC6 is formed [3], compared to a practical capacity of 350 mAh g−1 [4]. Recent years have seen a growing interest in the use of affordably mass-producible metals (e.g., Si, Sn, Sb, In, Bi, Al) as Li-ion battery anode materials to achieve a higher capacity and a more positive lithiation voltage vs. Li/Li+, minimizing the risk of Li plating that is a safety problem with carbonaceous anodes [4,5]. However, using the aforementionedmetals as anodes for Li-ion batteries produces large volume changes during lithiation/delithiation processes. Thus, in order to improve durability while maintaining high capacity, new strategies have been implemented to prevent the adverse effects of large volume changes. One strategy is the development of intermetallic anode materials by alloying active elements with inactive elements (e.g., Cu6Sn5, Cu2Sb) to compensate for the expansion of the active materials [6,7]. Another strategy employed by some researchers is the development of composite anode materials by mixing active elements with carbonaceous materials (e.g., Si–C, Sn–C) [8,9] or oxides (e.g., Sb–VO4, Sb–Mn2O7, Sn–Al2O3) [10,11]. For example, Magasinski et al. [8] used a CVD technique to produce Si–C nanocomposite granules containing 50 wt% Si nanoparticles, and reported a capacity of 1500 mAh g−1 with an efficiency of about 90% for 100 cycles. A third strategy involves the design and development of anode materials with micro- and nano-scale surface textures that provide a large surface-to-volume ratio. This may result in an improvement ofthe electrical contact between the active material and the current collector, an enhancement of the chemical reactivity of the active material to the electrolyte, and an increase in the tolerance for the volume change [8,12,13]. Among the alternative anode materials that have been studied, Sn is particularly important because of its high theoretical capacity of 992 mAh g−1 (i.e., if Li4.4Sn is reached) [14–17]. The Li+ insertion mechanism in Sn-based anodes corresponds to the formation of Li–Sn intermetallics according to: xLi+ + xe− + Sn ↔ LixSn (0 < x < 4.4) (1) Sn has a poor capacity retention, however, due to its large volume change (up to 300%) during charge–discharge cycles, which causes the pulverization of the electrode after only a few cycles [14–17]. In order to improve the cycling performance of Sn anodes, Sn-based intermetallic compounds and composite materials have been developed. Intermetallics formed of Sn and inactive elements, such as Cu6Sn5 [18–20], CoSn3 [21] and Ni3Sn4 [22–24], have a lower specific capacity than pure Sn, but their capacity retention is significantly higher. There are also several examples of Sn-based composite anodes in the literature. Noh et al.[25] produced amorphous carbon-coated Sn particles composed of 80 wt% Sn. Testing a composite electrode with 60 wt% particles,they measured a capacity of 680 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 98% after 50 cycles. Park et al. [26] showed that the cycling performance of electrodeposited Sn coatings could be improved by dispersing 16 vol% acetylene black particles with a size smaller than40 minto the Snmatrix. They reported a capacity of 460 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 43% after twenty cycles for the composite electrode, whereas a similar 10 m-thick Sn coating showed a small capacity of only 20 mAh g−1 from the beginning. This improvement in the cycling performance was attributed to the buffering effect that the acetylene black particles had on the volume change. On the other hand, the use of three-dimensional substrates (current collectors) for Sn-based coatings like metallic foams [27–29],nanopillar-textured Cu surface [30] and carbonfibre paper (CFP) [31], have also shown to improve the durability of the anode electrodes. Among these, using CFP seems to be the simplest, most cost-effective approach, because it does not require adding extra steps to the electrode production route. The aim of this study was to fabricate an Sn–carbon fibre composite as an alternative (with higher capacity and improved safety) to commercial graphitic anodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries using a cost-effective electrodeposition process. Galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling tests would then be conducted to evaluate the electrode’s reversible capacity and cycling performance with the goal of understanding the roles that Sn and carbon fibres play in the overall performance of these composite anodes. Furthermore, the microstructures of the electrodes were studied to understand the electrochemical degradation mechanisms and suggest possible materials processing solutions that mightimprove the performance of the composite electrodes.To fabricate the composite electrode, a thin film of ultrafine grain Sn (it has been suggested that a reduction in the active material’s grain size may benefitthe cycling performance by reducing crack size and delamination from the current collector during charge–discharge cycles [14]) was electrodeposited on a CFP sheet with randomly oriented carbon fibres. CFP is low-cost and commercially available, and it has a large surface area and good electrical conductivity. The electrochemical performance and the degradation mechanisms of this electrode were compared to an Sn coating electrodeposited on a Cu foil.

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نوشته دانلود مقاله ترجمه شده کارایی الکتروشیمیایی الکترود فیبر کربن با روکش قلع – مجله الزویر اولین بار در ترجمه فا پدیدار شد.

فهرست مطالب:

روش های آزمایشی
مواد
مواد و روش ها
نتایج و بحث
اثر تیتانیوم اکسید بر ویسکوزیته
نتیجه گیری

بخشی از ترجمه:

در این مطالعه، اثر تیتانیوم اکسید بر ویسکوزیته ناحیه تماما مایع سیستم CaO–SiO2–17mass% Al2O3–10mass% MgO–TiO2 در نسبت های مختلف CaO/SiO2، همبستگی مستقیم و مثبتی با ساختمان پسماند فلز حرارتی داشت.
افزایش تیتانیوم اکسید منجر به کاهش ویسکوزیته با تاثیر بر ساختار شبکه سیلیکات شد که ورقه های پیچیده سیلیکاته به ساختار های ساده تر شکسته تر شدند با این حال ساختارهای آلومینات به نظر می رسد متاثر از افزایش تیتانیوم اکسید نمی باشند. هر دو آنالیز FTIR و رامان حاکی از دپلی مریزاسیون پسماند بوده و مقادیر ویسکوزیته را به مقدار تیتانیوم اکسید به طور مستقیم ارتباط می دهند. به علاوه، افزایش نسبت CaO/SiO2 به نظر می رسد در کاهش ویسکوزیته در مقایسه با افزایش تیتانیوم اکسید کارامد تر باشد. با توجه به وابستگی درجه حرارت نسبت 1.2 CaO/SiO2، انرژی اکتیواسیون جریان ویسکوز بین 226 و 260 کیلوژول بر مول بسته به ترکیب فلز می باشد.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

 Introduction Cost issues related to integrated steel mill operations and unavailability of high grade raw materials with high concentrations of iron has sparked interest in the use of other potential sources of iron bearing materials once regarded as uneconomical for the present day integrated steel mill operations. In particular, iron ores consisting of significant TiO2 such as ilmenite is comparatively abundant in Australia and other parts of the world. These ores due to the high TiO2 content may result in significant issues such as lower reduction degree of the ore,[1–4] variations in the liquidus temperature of the slag,[5–7] reduced refining capacity of the slag,[8–10] and slag viscosity deviations from optimum processing conditions.[11–15] However, potential benefits of TiO2 in the blast furnace slags have also been realized from work done by Morizane et al.[9] and others.[15–18] By forming a protective layer of titanium carbo-nitride on the refractory brick, the premature failure and erosion of the hearth was found to be inhibited. Thus, both the thermophysical and chemical properties of the slag can change with TiO2 additions and a fundamental understanding on these topics, in particular the effect of viscosity, is essential to maintain and optimize the overall efficiency of the blast furnace operations. Handfield and Charette[12] showed small TiO2 additions can decrease the slag viscosity, but large TiO2 additions had the opposite effect. Ohno and Ross[13] described TiO2 additions to increase slag viscosity in the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3– TiO2 slags under reducing conditions. Work done by Shankar et al.[19] showed the effect of TiO2 in the CaO– SiO2–MgO–Al2O3 slag system under Ar, where TiO2 up to 2 mass% decreased the viscosity at various fixed extended Vee ratio [(CaO þ MgO)/(SiO2 þ Al2O3)] between 0.46 and 0.83. Saito et al.[14] also studied the effect of TiO2 in the CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3 slag system at 10 and 20 mass% TiO2 content. TiO2 lowered the viscosity of the slag and the corresponding activation energy of viscous flow decreased with TiO2 content. Thus, slag viscosity can be affected by the amount of TiO2 additions. However, to the knowledge of the authors, the viscosity data between 0 and 10 mass% TiO2 is not well defined for blast furnace type slags and its correlation with the slag structure has yet to be fully understood. Therefore, understanding and controlling the effects of TiO2 on the viscosity of blast furnace type slags, when raw materials’ containing significant amounts of TiO2 such as ilmenite is utilized, would be essential in maintaining stable blast furnace operations. In this work, the influence of TiO2 on the viscous behavior of calcium-silicate based slags with 17 mass% Al2O3 and 10 mass% MgO based slags have been studied using a rotating viscometer. To directly correlate the relationship between slag structure and viscosity, flux samples from the fully liquid region at 1773 K were quenched and analyzed using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy.2. Experimental Methods 2.1. Materials Slags were prepared using reagent grade chemicals of CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, and TiO2. Using a Pt-10 mass% Rh crucible, slags were premelted under 0.4 L min1 of Ar to obtain a homogeneous mixture of CaO–SiO2–17 mass% Al2O3–10 mass% MgO. After 3 h, the homogenized samples were quenched and crushed for the primary experiments. Chemical composition of the post-experimental slags was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy (S4 Explorer; Bruker AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) and no apparent change was observed. Thus, the initial weighed mixture was taken as the slag composition. The experimental chemical composition is given in Table 1. 2.2. Apparatus and Procedure The viscosity was measured using a rotating spindle connected to a calibrated Brookfield digital rheometer (LVDVIIþ; Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Middleboro, MA). The details of the experimental apparatus have been given elsewhere,[20,21] but a schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1. Samples weighing 120 g were prepared according to Table 1 and placed in a Pt-10 mass% Rh crucible (H: 60 mm, ID: 40 mm). Furnace temperature was calibrated using a reference B-type thermocouple and controlled within 3 K using a PID controller. Slag samples were heated to 1773 K and sufficiently held for more than an hour in an Ar gas atmosphere to achieve thermal equilibrium. Measurements were taken at each target temperature during a 58C min1 cooling cycle after 30 min of soaking and in the fully liquid region of the slag system well above the break temperature (TBr) of each slag composition. The break temperature has been described in detail by Kim and Sohn[21] and Sridhar et al.[22] Viscosity measurements taken at temperatures higher than the break temperature are assumed to be in the fully liquid region of the slag system, of which the present experimental measurements have been done. The break temperature can easily be identified using the example given in Figure 2 for the CaO–SiO2–17 mass% Al2O3–10 mass% MgO–5 mass% TiO2 slag at constant CaO/SiO2 of 1.2. The natural logarithm of viscosity (ln h) as a function of reciprocal temperature (1/T) shows a significant increase below temperatures of 1598 K, which is the starting temperature for the formation of large solid precipitates. Viscosity measurements were also taken during a heating cycle of 58C min1 and 30 min of soaking time, but no appreciable difference was found during measurements in the fully liquid region of the slag system and thus subsequent viscosity measurements were done during the cooling cycle.

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نوشته دانلود ترجمه مقاله تاثیر TiO2 بر ویسکوزیته و ساختار پسماند در فلزات نوع کوره های حرارت دهی – انتشارات وایلی اولین بار در ترجمه فا پدیدار شد.

فهرست مطالب:

چکیده
۱ مقدمه
۲ آزمایش
۳ نتایج
۱ ۳ ویسکوزیته فلز تحت شرایط اکسیداسیون هم دما
۲ ۳ رسوب و رشد فاز پروسکایت تحت شرایط اکسیداسین ایزوترمال(هم دما)
۳ ۲ ۱ آنالیز فاز بلورین تحت شرایط اکسیداسیون هم دما
۳ ۲ ۲ رسوب فاز پروسکایت تحت شرایط اکسیداسیون هم دما
۳ ۲ ۳ رشد فاز پروسکایت تحت شرایط اکسیداسیون هم دما
۴ بحث
۵ نتیجه گیری

بخشی از ترجمه:

طی اکسیداسیون فلز مذاب، Ti+2 و Ti+3   به  Ti+4   اکسید شده و  تیتانگویت و دی.پسید غنی از تیتانیوم حاوی Ti+3  ناپدید می شود . در نتیجه  جزء تیتانیم  به طور انتخابی به فاز پروسکایت غنی سازی می شود. با افزایش زمان اکسیداسیون، مقدار تیتانیوم سریعا افزایش یافته و این که  زمان واکنش رسوب را افزایش می دهد:    که خود منجر به  تسریع غنی سازی تیتانیوم و رسوب فاز پروسکایت خواهد شد. در عین حال،  اکسیداسیون TiC  و آهن متالیک نه تنها منجر به کاهش ویسکوزیته می شود  بلکه منجر به افزایش سریع فلز فاز پروسکایت و تغییر فلز مذاب از حالت مذاب به ترکیبی از فاز مذاب و بلورین شده که به نوبه خود  افزایش ویسکوزیته فلز حرارتی اکسید شده را به مدت 12 دقیقه  را در پی دارد.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

Introduction Every year more than three million tons of blast furnace slag containing 21–24% TiO2 and 2–4% metallic Fe are produced by smelting V–Ti-bearing magnetite in Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company. The Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is an important man-made resource. Due to the dispersed distribution of Ti component in various fine grained (<10 lm) mineral phases with the complex interfacial combination, it is difficult to recover the Ti component through traditional separation methods [1,2]. On the basis of the point of view of ongoing concern for both economic and resource, several mineral and metallurgy methods have been studied for treating the slag, such as flotation separation, combined with magnetic, hydrometallurgy and melting reduction [2]. However, the recovery and the utilization of each process were poor. So far the slag has not been efficiently utilized those results in a waste of the resource and the pollution of environment [2]. The main mineral phases in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag are titanium carbide, spinel, perovskite, titanaugite, Ti-rich diopside and metallic Fe [1]. The main titanium-containing mineral phases are perovskite, titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside. The perovskite is composed of Ti4+, and the titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside are composed of Ti2+ and Ti3+. Based on several studies and practices in a pilot plant on the slag [3–11], blowing air to the molten slag, (Ti2+) and (Ti3+) in the slag were oxidized to (Ti4+), most of the Ti component in the slag was enriched into the perovskite phase which could fully grow and coarsen through the oxidation together with a heat treatment, and the perovskite phase could be separated from the slag by mineral dressing method. In order to obtain further information about the precipitation process of the perovskite phase, it is necessary to study the effects of the dynamic oxidation on the precipitation of the perovskite phase in the slag. The dynamic oxidation of the molten slag remarkably influences the viscosity and chemical composition, which play key role in the selective enrichment, precipitation and growth of the perovskite phase. Obtaining the slag with improved properties for utilization depend not only on the selective enrichment of the Ti component into the perovskite phase, but also on the precipitation, growth and coarsening of the perovskite phase developed through adjusting the viscosity and chemical composition under the dynamic oxidation condition. In other words, the dynamic oxidation of the molten slag is the crucial problem to the selective enrichment, precipitation and growth of the perovskite phase. The purpose of the present work is to study the effect of the perovskite phase on the viscosity of the slag under the dynamic oxidation condition through two aspects: the viscosity research, the precipitation and growth of the perovskite phase. 2. Experimental The slag in this study was from the Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company. Chemical composition of the slag is listed in Table 1. Before the experiment, the slag was milled to 120 lm and dried in an oven at 100 C for 3 h. The experiments were carried out in a horizontal MoSi2 furnace fitted with an type R thermocouple, which was controlled by the Shimaden SR – 53 temperature programmed control instrument. The length of isothermal section was 60 mm, the temperature accuracy was within ±3 C. The gas flow rate was controlled by a rotameter. The oxidation gas was compressed air. The slag samples were melted in a platinum crucible at 1420 C for 20 min, air was then blown into the molten slag at the flow rate of 1 L/min under isothermal condition for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 min, respectively. The slag was then slowly cooled to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 C/min. In this process, some samples were obtained by air quenching method at 1420 C for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 min, respectively. The relationships between the viscosity and temperature of the raw slag and the oxidized slag were measured in ZCN-1600 high temperature viscometer. Because the (Ti2+) content in the slag is less, the (Ti2+) content is neglected. The FeO, Fe2O3 (FeO1.5), Ti2O3 and TiO2 content were measured by chemical titration analyses. The FeO content was determined by o-phenanthroline oxidation–reduction titration, and the Fe2O3 (FeO1.5) content determined indirectly by the TFe content and the FeO content. The Ti2O3 content was determined by reduction–oxidation titration, and the TiO2 content by ammonium ferric sulfate titration. Two repeated measurements were made for each experimental condition. The experimental error was between ±0.06% and ±0.13%. The experimental apparatus (ZCN-1600) for viscosity measurements consists of a high temperature furnace and viscometer. The raw and the oxidized slag were remelted in a vertical MoSi2 resistance furnace under purified argon atmosphere. A viscometer was conducted by loops to a platinum extension rod and to a measuring spindle made of molybdenum. The viscometer spindle was calibrated against standard oils (Brookfield). The spindle constant was determined by measuring the torque at several rotation speeds at immersion depths. After the molten state of the slag could be verified, the spindle rotating at a speed of 40–60 rpm was lower into the slag. The viscosity of slag was then measured. The overall experimental errors of the viscosity measurement were estimated using the uncertainties associated with each experimental parameter. The uncertainties in the measurements on the liquid slag arises from the uncertainties of the calibrating oils (2%), viscometer accuracy (1%) and volume expansion of the measuring spindle (4%) and the immersion depth of the spindle (2%). The temperature uncertainty of the high temperature furnace is within ±3 C. The overall uncertainties of the viscosity measurements are between ±9% and ±13%. After being polished, the microstructures of the oxidation products were characterized by Quantime520 image analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometory (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The volume fraction and average grain size of perovskite phase were measured on a Quantime520 image analyzer by the line intercept method (average of 10 fields). The SEM machine is SSX-550, and the EDS machine is TN540. In addition, the XRD machine is D/MAX-RB, and the optical machine is PME OLYMPUS. The concentrations of crystalline phases can be determined by the volume fraction of the crystalline phases after the dynamic oxidation, but the volume fraction and grain size of crystalline phases (titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside) that are composed of TiO and Ti2O3 are very small after the dynamic oxidation, accordingly, it is very difficult to determine the concentrations of titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside by the volume fraction. On the other hand, the volume fraction and grain size of perovskite phase are very large after the dynamic oxidation, hence, the concentration of perovskite phase can be determined by the volume fraction. Analysis uncertainties of the volume fraction and average grain size measurements come from the sample homogeneity, magnification, and number of measured fields. The overall uncertainties of the volume fraction and average grain size measurements are between ±7% and ±15%.

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