دانلود ترجمه مقاله ارتباط بین بیماری های دندانی و اطراف دندان و بیماری سلول داسی شکل – نشریه NCBI

• فهرست مطالب:

 چکیده
۱ مقدمه
۲ مواد و روش ها
۲ ۱ طرح مطالعه و نمونه ها
۲ ۲ معیار های ورود و خروج شرکت کننده ها
۲ ۳ معاینه دندانی
۲ ۴ پرسش نامه خود مدیریت شده
۲ ۵ تحلیل آماری
۳ نتایج
۴ بحث
۵ نتیجه
۶ توصیه ها

• بخشی از ترجمه:

بیماران با SCD  به طور مکرر از  تغییر  شکل دندانی رنج می بردند( سانگر و  بستروم ۱۹۷۷). با این حال، مطالعات   کاهش بهداشت دندانی در این بیماران نتایج ضد و نقیضی را نشان داده اند( تکافور و همکاران ۱۰۸۶، پاسوز و همکاران ۲۰۱۲). به همین دلیل، ما به بررسی شیوع  کاهش بهداشت  دهانی در بیماران با SCD با   بیماران شاهد در زمینه شیوع SCD بالا پرداختیم. SCD دارای شیوع اقتصادی اجتماعی بالا است و از این روی منابع بهداشت درمانی موجود در این منطقه  تخلیه می کند. اگرچه تفاوت معنی داری در شاخص میانگین DMFT بیماران SCD و شاهد دیده شد، شیوع دندان پر شده و پوسیده شده تفاوت معنی داری بین گروه ها نشان دادند.
پوسیدکی دندان بیشتر رایج تر بود و تعداد دندان پر شده در میان بیماران مبتلا به SCD نسبت به بیماران شاهد کم تر بود. این یافته ها با مطالعات انجام شده در جمعیت برزیلی ها و افریقایی و امریکایی کم درامد با SCD هم خوانی دارد( لارنس و همکاران ۲۰۰۶، پازوس ۲۰۱۲).
مطالعه انجام شده در هند نشان داد که بهداشت دهانی یک مسئله اصلی بیماران مبتلا به SCD نیست(سینک و همکاران ۲۰۱۳). مسائل بهداشت دهانی در بیماران مبتلا به SCD نادر است و ناشی از عدم بهداشت مناسب دهان و دندان است (جاوید و همکاران ۲۰۱۳). تعداد کم دندان های پر شده در بیماران با SCD در این مطالاه ناشی از درمان نامناسب می باشد زیرا پرسش نامه ها نشان دادن که ۶۳٫۴۵ درصد بیماران SCD زمانی به پزشمک مراجعه می کند که درد داشته باشند.

• بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited disease characterized by morphologic changes in erythrocytes, caused by abnormal hemoglobin polymerization. SCD has spread worldwide and has been described in the United States (Creary et al., 2007), Africa, and the Middle East (Makani et al., 2007). The Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is known to have one of the highest prevalence rates of SCD worldwide (Alhamdan et al., 2007; Nasserullah et al., 2003). Signs and symptoms of systemic involvement and SCD severity differ among patients. A main feature of SCD is vaso-occlusive crisis of the microcirculation, which leads to limited blood supply to tissues and tissue necrosis (Steinberg, 1998). Patients with SCD usually report subjective pain in the form of acute pain crisis, which is considered to be one of the earliest clinical manifestations of this disease (Serjeant 1993). Bone marrow hyperplasia and osteomyelitis of the jaw are general manifestations of SCD (Javed et al., 2013). Numerous oral manifestations of SCD that affect the oral mucosa, gingival tissue, mandible, nerve supply, and tooth enamel and pulp have been reported (Andrews et al., 1983; Bishop et al., 1995; Borle et al., 2001; Demirbas Kaya et al., 2004; Kelleher et al., 1996; Okafor et al., 1986; Patton et al., 1990; Ramakrishna, 2007; Scipio et al., 2001; Singh et al., 2013; Taylor et al., 1995). Few studies have examined the relationship between SCD and oral health, and results have been contradictory (Arowojolu, 1999; Arowojolu and Savage, 1997; Crawford, 1988; Fukuda et al., 2005; Laurence et al., 2002, 2006; Okafor et al., 1986; Sanger and Bystrom, 1977). Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease and examine the possible association between oral health deterioration and SCD severity in a sample of Saudi patients with SCD residing in the city of Al-Qatif, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Study design and subjects This prospective case-control study included 66 Saudi men (33 patients with SCD attending Al-Qatif Central Hospital and 33 apparently healthy male individuals selected from the general population). The two groups had similar socioeconomic backgrounds and were age matched. The Ethics Committee of the College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, approved the study and all subjects provided written informed consent. 2.2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Candidates were selected according to the following criteria: Saudi man aged P18 years, clinical diagnosis of SCD, and (for the control group) a healthy individual attending a dental clinic for routine examination. Patients with any other systemic diseases, such as hypertension or epilepsy, were excluded from the study. 2.3. Dental examination A single examiner performed oral examinations that included assessment of dental caries and periodontal status at patients’ bedsides for the case group at the Center of Inherited Blood Diseases or the Internal Medicine Department of the Al-Qatif Central Hospital and examination of the control group in outpatient dental clinics in the hospital. All dental examinations were standardized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized index and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index (Klien and Knutson, 1938), including the use of mouth mirrors, explorers, periodontal probes, and a portable dental LED light. Teeth that were missing for any reason other than dental caries, according to subjects’ self-reports were excluded. Gingival bleeding, calculus, and periodontal pocket depth were measured with a Williams periodontal probe according to the community periodontal index (CPI) (WHO, 1982). Ten index teeth (#11, #16, #17, #26, #27, #31, #36, #37, #46, and #47) were probed at six sites (mesiobuccal, mid-buccal, distobuccal, and corresponding lingual sites) each, and the highest score was recorded for each sextant. Possible CPI scores were: 0 (healthy), 1 (bleeding after probing, observed directly or by mouth mirror), 2 (calculus detected during probing, but the entire black band of the probe remained visible), 3 (4–۵-mm periodontal pocket depth), and 4 (P6-mm periodontal pocket depth). The Silness–Lo¨e plaque index (Silness and Loe, 1964) was also used to measure oral hygiene status. Dental plaque was recorded for all surfaces of teeth  using a scale ranging from 0 to 3: 0 = no plaque; 1 = film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth, observed in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using a probe on the tooth surface; 2 = moderate accumulation of soft deposits within the gingival pocket or tooth and gingival margin, visible with the naked eye; and 3 = abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin.