دانلود ترجمه مقاله بررسی اثر تجویز پس لقاحی آلکالویید از برگ Senna alata بر اثرات مادری و جنینی موش آبستن – نشریه NCBI

فهرست مطالب:

چکیده
نتیجه گیری
روش ها
مواد شیمیایی و معرف ها
عصاره گیری و استخراج آلکالویید ها
آنالیز های آلکالویید
تجزیه تحلیل فعالیت سقط جنینی
تعیین فعالیت های استروژنی و آنتی استروژنی
آنالیزهای آماری
نتایج
اثرات آلکالویید های S. alata روی موش های آبستن
نتیجه گیری

بخشی از ترجمه:

 به طور کلی آلکالویید های برگ S. alata در دوز موضعی ۲۵۰ و ۵۰۰ و ۱۰۰۰ میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن  از۱۰ تا ۱۸ روز  پس از جفت گیری، چندین اثر بالقوه را روی  جنین و مادر اعمال کردند(ضد الحاقی، استروژنی انتخابی،ضد پروژسترونی،جذب جنینی و فعالیت های مسمومیت جنینی)، با این حال  در حیوانات موجب سقط جنین نشدند.از این رو آلکالویید ها به تنهایی عامل  و مسئول  اثرات سقط جنینی عصاره خام S. alata نمی باشند که در مطالعات قبلی  گزارش شدند. در نهایت،  مطالعه ای در خصوص  ایزولاسیون دیکر مواد فیتوشیمیایی (ساپونین ها و فلاونویید ها) و ارزیابی اثرات سینرژیک آن ها در حیوانات آبستن در حال انجام است.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

since the dawn of history, nature and natural sources, such as plants, animals, microbes, and minerals have remained a veritable source of bioactive compounds with medicinal values. Among these sources, plants have been the most explored and exploited for their bioactive medicinal components. Their constituents that have always served as ”lead compounds” or templates for the rational development of drugs are of more specific efficacies and fewer side effects (1). One of the botanicals of interest in which the abortifacient claims in the folk medicine have been substantiated by scientific evidence (2) but with no documentation in the open scientific literature on its bioactive abortifacient agent(s) is Senna alata. Senna alata (Linn.) Roxb (Leguminosae), also known as Craw-Craw plant or Ringworm plant (English), asunwon oyinbo (Yoruba-Western Nigeria), Nelkhi (Igbo-Eastern Nigeria), Filisko or Hantsi (Hausa-Northern Nigeria) is an erect tropical, annual herb which grows up to 0.15 m high. The large, leathery compound leaves are bilateral and fold together at night. The fruit is a pod, while the seeds are small and square in shape. The plant has been claimed to be used in the management of several diseased conditions such as hepatitis, dermatitis, jaundice, gastroenteritis, eczema, constipation and diarrhoea (3, 4). Our ethnobotanical studies have also revealed that the leaves are used to “wash the uterus” (2). Previous studies have shown that S. alata have antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities (3, 5−۸). Furthermore, Yakubu et al. (2) reported that the aqueous leaf extract of the plant contained saponins (1.22%), flavonoids (1.06%), cardiac glycosides (0.20%), phenolics (0.44%), alkaloids (0.52%), cardenolides and dienolides (0.18%). Aqueous leaf extract of S. alata has also been scientifically validated for its acclaimed use as an abortifacient (2). However, there is no study in the open scientific literature that has reported on the exact bioactive abortifacient agent(s) in S. alata leaves. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate the speculation that the alkaloids in aqueous extract of S. alata leaves are responsible for its abortifacient activity. The focus on alkaloid was a follow-up from our previous study that speculated on alkaloids to be responsible for the abortifacient activity of the crude extract of S. alata leaves and from several studies that implicated the phytochemical property of colchicine, quinazoline alkaloids, e.g. vasicine and vasicinone in several botanicals such as Xylopia aethiopica, Peganum harmala epigeal parts, Areca catchu nuts and Gloriosa superba roots as abortifacient bioactive agents and/or their role in the contraction and relaxation of uterine muscles (9−۱۲). Methods Plant material and authentication: The plant leaves, obtained from herb sellers at Oja Tuntun, (New Market) in Ilorin, Nigeria, was authenticated at the Herbarium Unit of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) in Ibadan, Nigeria. A voucher specimen (FHI 10845) was deposited at the Herbarium of the Institute. Chemicals and reagents: Assay kits for both glucose and cholesterol were products of Randox Laboratories, Ltd, United Kingdom, while those of progesterone, follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones were products of Inteco UK LTD, United Kingdom. Thin Layer Chromatographic (T LC) plates and silica gel were products of Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Para-nitrophenyl phosphate and other reagents were products of SigmaAldrich Inc., St. Louis, USA. Animals: Male and female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 178.91±۳٫۰۷ and 143.99± ۱٫۲۱ g, respectively, were obtained from the Animal Holding Unit of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. The animals which were housed individually in plastic cages and placed in a well-ventilated room (temperature: 28-31°C; photoperiod: 12 hr natural light and 12 hr darkness; humidity: 50−۵۵%) were provided with unrestricted access to rat pellets (Bendel Feeds and Flour Mills, Ewu, Nigeria) and water. The animals were also handled according to the guidelines of the European convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes−ETS 123 (13). Extraction of alkaloids: The leaves of Senna alata which were oven-dried at 40°C for 48 hr were pulverised using a Mikachi Blender (MK-1830, China). Alkaloids were extracted from the powder according to the procedure described by Manske (14). A known amount (500 g) of the powder was extracted in 1.2 L of hexane for 72 hr and filtered with Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The hexane extract (containing fats, oils, terpenes, waxes) were discarded and the resulting residue extracted again in 1.2 L of methanol for a week and subsequently filtered. The filtrate was evaporated using a rotavapor (R110, Gallenkamp, England, UK) and the process was repeated two more times. The three filtrates were combined, concentrated to give a methanolic, green slime (90 g) which was treated with 1 M HCl and then basified by adding 5M NaOH with continuous stirring until a cloudy precipitate appeared. A known volume (500 ml) of chloroform and 200 ml of 1 M NaCl were added and the process was repeated three more times. Equal volumes (150 ml) of 1 M NaCl and 5 M NaOH were added to the organic layer in a sepa- J Reprod Infertil, Vol 13, No 4, Oct-Dec 2012 213 Yakubu MT and Isa FM JRI rating funnel after which the mixture was evaporated to yield brownish-black slurry (18 g) of alkaloids that corresponded to a yield of 3.60% that was used for subsequent experiments.