دانلود ترجمه مقاله بررسی اثرات تیمار بیوفوتون روی نورون های کورتیکولی ایزوله شده موش

فهرست مطالب:

مقدمه
سوال پژوهشی
روش ها
طرح
شرکت کننده ها
آنالیز های آماری
نتایج
بحث و نتایج
تفسیر نتایج
منابع
۱ مقدمه
۱ ۱ زمینه و وضعیت دانش
۱ ۱ ۱ فوتون ها
۱ ۱ ۲ بیوفوتون ها
۱ ۱ ۳ تاریخچه و پژوهش
۱ ۱ ۴ بیوفوتون ها و DNA
۱ ۱ ۵ انسجام
۱ ۱ ۶ دستکاه بیوفوتون درمانی
۱ ۲ ۱ توده سلولی
۱ ۲ ۲ دندریت ها
۱ ۲ ۳ آکسون ها
۱ ۲ ۴انتقال نورونی
۱ ۳ سوال پژوهشی
۲ روش ها
۲ ۱ طرح و اجرای مطالعه
۲ ۲ شرکت کننده ها
۲ ۳ مواد
۴ ۲ آنالیز های آماری
۳ نتایج
۳ ۱ ممیزی
۳ ۲ مشاهدات ویژه
۴ بحث و نتیجه گیری
۴ ۱ تفسیر نتایج
۴ ۲ اظهارت خود نقدی

بخشی از ترجمه:

هدف این مقدمه ارایه اطلاعاتی در خصوص زمینه و سابقه تحقیق مربوطه بر اساس مفاهیم بیوفوتون ها و فناوری کاربردی آن و یافته های تحقیقاتی در خصوص آن می باشد.
بیوفوتون ها، تشعشعاتی ضعیف از نور هستند که از سلول های همه موجودات زنده متصاعد می شوند. یک فوتون یک ذره منفرد از نور است. گیاهان، جانواران و انسان دارای یک شدت تصاعد نور از چند صد تا یک هزار فوتون در ثانیه در سانتی متر مربع بوده که خود یک طیف پیوسته ای در چارچوب دامنه اپتیکی حداقل ۲۰۰ تا ۸۰۰ نانومتر میباشد(۱). همه موجودات از جمله گیاهان به طور پیوسته تولید فوتون هایی به صورت بخشی از فعالیت های حیاتی خود می کنند. نور فوتون با چشم غیر مسلح قابل رویت نمی باشد.
بیوفوتون ها ایجاد یک شبکه ای منسجم و پویا از نور می کنند. این سیستم می تواند عامل واکنش های شیمیایی در داخل سلول ها، ارتباط سلول ها در سر تا سر موجود و تنظیم کلی سیستم بیولوژیکی باشند از جمله نمو جنین به یک شکل از قبل تعیین شده باشد. بر طبق نظر پاپ در یک مصاحبه زنده که در اینترنت هم می توان دید، یک واکنش شیمیایی در سلول در صورتی می تواند اتفاق بیفتد که مولکول واکنش دهنده توسط یک فوتون بر انگیخته شوند. از این رو فوتون برای تحریک یک مولکول برای انجام واکنش شیمیایی لازم است. از این رو هر سلول زنده تولید کننده نور است.

۱ مقدمه

بیوفوتون ها، تشعشعاتی ضعیف از نور هستند که از سلول های همه موجودات زنده متصاعد می شوند. یک فوتون یک ذره منفرد از نور است. گیاهان، جانواران و انسان دارای یک شدت تصاعد نور از چند صد تا یک هزار فوتون در ثانیه در سانتی متر مربع بوده که خود یک طیف پیوسته ای در چارچوب دامنه اپتیکی حداقل ۲۰۰ تا ۸۰۰ نانومتر میباشد(۱). بنابراین اعتقاد بر این است که واکنش های شیمیایی نظیر اکسیداسیون از منابع انرژی برای متصاعد شدن بیوفوتون ها در موجودات زنده است بر همین منوال، همه موجودات شامل گیاهان به طور پیوسته تولید بیو فوتون هایی به صورت بخشی از فعالیت های حیاتی آن ها می کنند.
گزارش شده است که تصاعد بیو فوتون ها بر اساس اختلافات در فرایند های رشدی است(۲) و با افزایش تنش های زیست محیطی تشدید شده( ۳) و برخی واکنش های بیماری شامل حمله پاتوژن نیز بر آن موثر می باشند(۴).
این تحقیق برای کسب درجه کارشناسی ارشد علوم بهداشت تلفیقی و مکمل از دانشگاه بهداشت و توسعه ب اتریش انجام شد. این پایان نامه به گزارش تحقیقات دانشمندان شامل اطلاعات اساسی و وضعیت دانش در خصوص موضوعات مربوطه می پردازد. اثرات تیمار فوتون روی نورون های کروتیکول ایزوله شده موش توسط دستگاه بیو فوتون بر طبق جی بزنیکل.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

۱٫ INTRODUCTION Biophotons are light emissions from biological systems with intensities in the order of a few hundreds of photon / cm2 surface area, and an almost continuous spectrum within the optical range of at least 200-800nm [1]. Therefore, it is believed that chemical reactions such as oxidation are the source of energy for biophoton emissions in living bodies. Accordingly, all organisms, including plants, constantly produce biophotons as part of their vital activities. It has been reported that photon emissions vary according to differences in growth processes [2], and are elevated by environmental stresses [3] and disease response included by pathogen attack [4]. This research was performed to obtain the Academic Master Degree of Complementary and Integrated Health Sciences of the Interuniversity College for Health and Development, based in Graz, Austria. This thesis is established and written to report the authors research, including background information and state of knowledge on the associated subjects concerning our research; The Effects of Biophoton treatment, on isolated rat cortical neurons, through the Biophoton device according to J. Boswinkel 1.1 Background and State of Knowledge This introduction has the purpose to inform in general about the background of the related research that is based on the concepts of Biophotons and its applied technology, and the research findings behind it. One of the reasons to give some more explanation to this study field is that the focal point of Biophotons is not very common yet within the scientific community. The two groups of students, merely from the Netherlands, have decided together with the staff of the Interuniversity College, to explore this field more as the Biophoton theory in practice was also the study background of the members of these groups. In the final stage during the research period the students had either one of the two focuses to deal with: Fundamental Research or Clinical Research. And as already mentioned both groups work with the fundamentals of Biophotons. The different subjects of the theses are related to the agricultural aspects (seedlings, tomatoes, milk), animals (neurons) and human beings (clinical). What Biophotons are and how they work will be explained in the following paragraphs, starting with photons, then the Biophotons and finally some information on the ‘Biophoton Therapy Device J. Boswinkel’ used. 1.1.1 Photons In physics, a photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic interaction and the basic unit of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is also the carrier for the electromagnetic force. The effects of this force are easily observable at both the microscopic and macroscopic level, because the photon has no rest mass; this allows for interactions at long distances. Like all elementary particles, photons are governed by quantum mechanics and will exhibit wave particle duality— they exhibit properties of both waves and particles. For example, a single photon Vastenburg, Dietrich MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College Graz/Seggau 9 may be refracted by a lens or exhibit wave interference with itself, but also act as a particle giving a definite result when quantitative momentum is measured. The modern concept of the photon was gradually developed by Albert Einstein to explain experimental observations that did not fit the classical wave model of light. In particular, the photon model accounted for the frequency dependence of the energy of light, and explained the ability of matter and radiation to be in thermal balance [5]. The photon concept has led to momentous advances in experimental and theoretical physics, such as lasers, quantum field theory, and the possible interpretation of quantum mechanics. It has been applied to photochemistry, high- resolution microscopy and measurements of molecular distances. Recently, photons have been studied as elements of quantum computers and for sophisticated applications in optical communication such as quantum cryptography [6]. 1.1.2 Biophotons Biophotons are weak emissions of light radiated from the cells of all living things. A photon is a single particle of light. Plants, animals and humans have an intensity of their emission from some hundreds up to one thousand photons/second/cm², and an almost continuous spectrum within the optical range of at least 200 – 800 nm [7]. All organisms, including plants, constantly produce photons as part of their vital activities. The light of the photon is too faint to be seen by the naked eye. The weakness of its light can be compared to candlelight seen at a distance of 20 km. Photons have been detected and verified without doubt by using a photomultiplier [8]. As they appear from living cells, we call them Biophotons. The study field of Biophotons: Biophotonics, is part of Life Sciences, according to the International Institute of Biophysics, Neuss, Germany. 1.1.3 History and Research Around 1923 the Russian scientist Professor Alexander Gurwitsch discovered an “ultra weak” photon emission from living systems (onions and yeast), he suggested connections between photon emission and cell division rate. He called this photon emission “mitogenetic radiation” [9]. His experiments indicated the wavelength in the range of around 260 nm [10]. After initial world-wide recognition in the 1920s and 1930s, some claims appeared that the “mitogenetic radiation” did not exist at all. Because of that and the subsequent political cataclysms in Europe and Russia, work on this phenomenon dropped almost to zero level. However in the 1950’s a group of Italian physicists with L. Colli made a very sensitive photomultiplier with which they discovered in the spectrum range from green to red light emitted from seedlings, corn and beans with photons in quantity of 10 to a 100 per second per cm² [۷]. It was in 1974 that the German biophysicist Prof. Dr. Fritz-Albert Popp proved the existence of the photons. At that time he was looking for an understanding about the optical properties of the molecule Benzpyrene in relation to carcinogenicity. With Gurwitsch at hand with the mitogenetic radiation research, Popp concluded that if the assumed optical effect of Benzpyrene were correct, then there must be some kind of light source in the cell, and very weak photon ‘signals’ would be able to trigger drastic changes in the behaviour of cells. With Popp’s photomultiplier, it was possible to prove that low-level light emissions are a common property of all living cells. It has different intensities for human, plant or animal cells, for different cell types, and it can vary from one moment to the next. It is not regular, but comes often as “photon explosion” (spikes), especially when the cells are irritated by outside means and in the case of cell death [9]. The results of Popp’s research also indicate that Biophotons originate from a coherent (or/and squeezed) photon field within the living organism, its function being intra and intercellular regulation and communication [11]. The Russian scientist A.B. Burlakov repeated the experiments of Gurwitsch in the 1990’s and proved that there is Biophoton exchange and influence between fertilized fish eggs that were in optical contact divided by quartz glass filters [12]. 1.1.4 Biophotons and DNA According to Prof. Popp, the leading researcher of Biophotons in the last 35 years, light is constantly being absorbed and remitted by DNA molecules within each cell’s nucleus. The DNA-string has the optimal length for receiving and sending electromagnetic frequencies with its information. Beside this, these Biophotons create a dynamic, coherent web of light. A system that could be responsible for chemical reactions within the cells, cellular communication throughout the organism, and the overall regulation of the biological system, including embryonic development into a predetermined form. According to Popp in a live interview, to be seen on the internet [13], a chemical reaction in a cell can only happen if the molecule which is reacting, is excited by a photon. So the photon is necessary to stimulate a molecule to a chemical reaction. So every living cell is producing light. 1.1.5 Coherence By photosynthesis, where the photons are used to get energy, the coherence is extremely high. Coherence means that the photons can be super positioned, so that the message which is submitted by the photons, gets very clear [11]. The laser-like coherence of the Biophoton field is a significant attribute, making it a prime candidate for exchanging information in a highly functional, efficient and cooperative fashion, lending credence to the idea that it may be the intelligence factor behind biological processes. It is a known fact that the speed of light is faster than any chemical reaction. Biophoton emissions will vary according to the functional state of the organism. If a disease such as cancer affects certain cells they will radiate a different photonic signature than healthy cells of the same type. In this way Biophotons can be a non-invasive tool for assessing the state of health or vitality. Applications can extend far into other areas like testing food and water quality, checking for chemical or electromagnetic contamination, or agricultural testing for products that improve crop resistance to disease. Biophysicists in many European and Asian countries are currently engaged in such research [14]. Popp’s Biophoton theories and concepts provide an intriguing and promising path for more international research, which could lead to major developments in our understanding of life, the mechanisms of healing and health for all living creatures, and the interconnection with the world around us.