دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی RNA های غیر کد کننده بلند و بیماری انسان به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله | RNA های غیر کد کننده بلند و بیماری انسان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Long non-coding RNAs and human disease |
رشته های مرتبط | زیست شناسی و پزشکی، علوم سلولی و مولکولی، ژنتیک، ژنتیک پزشکی |
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کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله متوسط میباشد |
نشریه | NCBI |
مجله | یافته ها در حوزه جامعه بیوشیمی – Biochemical Society Transactions |
سال انتشار | 2012 |
کد محصول | F713 |
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جستجوی ترجمه مقالات | جستجوی ترجمه مقالات |
فهرست مقاله: چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: LncRNAs ها تنظیم کننده های رایج بیان ژن می باشند
مکانیسم های تنظیم lncRNAs
تنظیم اپی ژنتیک |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: lncRNAs are common regulators of gene expression lncRNAs are common in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes; up to 72% of all human and mouse genes are found to be influenced by regulation by RNA molecules [7]. Regulatory transcripts can be either cis- or trans-acting, and occur in intronic, intragenic and other untranslated regions of the genome. Their targets can be either coding or non-coding (i.e. other regulatory RNAs), and can positively (concordant regulation) or negatively (discordant regulation) modify the expression or processing of their target genes. cis-lncRNAs are homologous with their targets and arise from the same genomic region, but from the opposite strand (these are often termed natural antisense transcripts), whereas translncRNAs share incomplete homology with their targets and arise from distant regions of the genome [8]. The orientation of cis-regulatory transcripts to their targets can be 5 to 5 (head-to-head; Figure 1a), 3 to 3 (tail-to-tail; Figure 1B) or fully overlapping, with one gene contained within the region coding the other (Figure 1C). Trans-regulatory transcripts are usually non-overlapping, scince they are from distinct genomic regions. Mechanisms of lncRNA regulation There are several proposed mechanisms of action for lncRNAs (Figure 2), which bring plasticity, adaptability and reactivity to genomic architecture and fine control over gene expression. In addition to the mechanisms outlined below, lncRNAs have also been reported to be subject to other mechanisms, including RNA editing, RNA interference, RNA masking, transcriptional interference and protein kinase R activation in some cases [9,10]. Epigenetic regulation lncRNAs may act as scaffold molecules, to deliver regulatory proteins to loci where they are required. Examples of this type of lncRNA are ANRIL and HOTAIR. The ANRIL antisense transcript is coded for on the opposite strand of the CDKN2A/CDKN2B loci, and causes its effects by binding to and recruiting the CBX7 (chromobox 7) subunit of the PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1) and PRC2. These complexes serve to direct H3K27me (methylation of histone H3 at Lys-27) at the target loci, resulting in the silencing of sense transcripts expressed from this region [11,12]. Similarly, HOTAIR binds to and recruits the PRC2 and the LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1) protein, which is a component of the CoREST (co-repressor for element-1-silencing transcription factor) complex. Again, this brings about specific alterations in the methylation status and the nature of the chromatin surrounding the HOTAIR targets in the HOXD gene cluster [13]. HOXD genes such as HOXD13 direct morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms, and disruption to their expression has been associated with breast cancer [13] and developmental disorders [14]. |