دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بازتوانی قلبی در بیماران مبتلا به بیماری مزمن کلیه به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | بازتوانی قلبی در بیماران مبتلا به بیماری مزمن کلیه |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease |
رشته های مرتبط: | پزشکی، قلب و عروق، گوارش و کبد |
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کد محصول | f190 |
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جستجوی ترجمه مقالات | جستجوی ترجمه مقالات پزشکی |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: بیماری مزمن کلیوی، یک مشکل شایع است، با توجه به پایه و اساس کلیه کانادا، با تخمین زدة کانادایی 2 میلیون آسیب دیده است. بیماری قلبی و عروقی در بیمارهایی با بیماری مزمن کلیوی شایع هست و علت اصلی مرگ و میر، صرفنظر از مرحله بیماری مزمن کلیوی است. در حالیکه دیالیز در نظر گرفته شده است که معمولا به نتیجة مهمترین اختلالات کلیه، بیماران بسیار بیشتر احتمال دارد؛ مرگ؛ مرگ قلبی و عروقی قبل از نیاز به درمان جایگزینی کلیوی دچار شوند. در حقیقت، به عنوان کاهش عملکرد کلیوی، همة دلایل و مرگ و میر قلبی و عروقی را به طور نمایی افزایش میدهد. این امکان وجود دارد که به طول قابل توجهی بالاتر در جامعه خطر کمتر مانند آنهایی که بیماری قلبی و عروقی با شیوع پایینتری برخوردار بود. درصد از بیماران مبتلا به تأسیس 40 درصد از آنها نیز تخمین زده است که به سمت بالا همزمان با بیماری مزمن کلیوی و بیماری قلبی و عروقی تخمین زده شده است. وجود بیماری مزمن کلیه با پیش آگهی به طرز چشمگیری بدتر در کسانی که با تأسیس بیماری عروق کرونر و نارسایی قلبی، مانند افزایش خطر مرگ و میر و بستری شدن در بیمارستان همراه است. |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common problem, with an estimated 2 million affected Canadians, according to the Kidney Foundation of Canada. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent in patients with CKD and is the leading cause of death regardless of CKD stage. While dialysis is commonly considered to be the most significant consequence of kidney impairment, patients are much more likely to die a cardiovascular death before requiring renal replacement therapy.1 In fact, as renal function declines, allcause and cardiovascular mortality increases exponentially; a possibility that was “significantly higher in lower-risk populations” such as those with a low prevalence of CVD.2 It is also estimated that upwards of 40% of patients with established CVD have concomitant CKD.3 The presence of CKD is associated with a dramatically worse prognosis in those with established coronary artery disease and heart failure, such as an increased risk of death and hospitalization.3,4 It is estimated that there is a 3-, 7- and >10-fold increase in mortality after myocardial infarction with mild (average glomularal filtration rate [eGRF]), moderate (eGFR 35-50 mL/min) and severe (eGFR) renal dysfunction, respectively.5 To make matters worse, patients with CKD have worse revascularization outcomes (PCI or CABG) with higher procedural complication rates. CVD Risk Factors and CKD The burden of traditional risk factors in CKD is tremendous. Traditional risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, advanced age, diabetes, smoking and physical inactivity are rampant in the CKD population. Some estimates place the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia at over 60% each, which may explain a large part of the increased risk associated with CKD.1,6-8 Despite controlling for these standard risk factors, CKD remains a powerful predictor for future cardiovascular events, prompting the American Heart Association to recommend that patients with CKD should be “considered in the highest-risk group.”1 This is likely related to the unique nature of CKD and the disturbed physiology it confers. Overall, traditional risk factors parallel the relationships described in the general population with some important differences. In CKD patients there is a U-shaped mortality curve associated with cholesterol and hypertension levels with an increased risk of death for both extremes of measurement. Furthermore, it has been proposed that CKD represents a “qualitatively and quantitatively” different risk factor exposure. i.e., as CKD is etiologically linked to both diabetes and hypertension, patients with CKD may represent a cohort who have had a more severe and prolonged exposure. Likewise, CKD is associated with more severe hypertension and dyslipidemia. There is also the burden of CKD-associated non-traditional risk factors. Several, such as inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen), anemia, oxidative stress, abnormal calcium/ phosphate metabolism, and hemodynamic overload, have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in both the general and CKD population. “…patients with [chronic kidney disease] should be ‘considered in the highest-risk group.’ ” Multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs offer an optimal opportunity to intervene on this cohort. Despite their high-risk status, patients with CKD are less likely to receive aggressive risk factor modification with therapies that are proven to be beneficial in patients with normal renal function. Some studies have found that prescription rates of ASA, beta-blockers, statins, and ACE-inhibitors are inversely related to renal function.1,3,5,9 However, a Canadian analysis published in 2004 indicates that patients with CKD of all stages do derive benefit from these therapies, often to a similar extent as those with preserved eGFR.1,3 |