این مقاله انگلیسی ISI در نشریه الزویر در 17 صفحه در سال 2015 منتشر شده و ترجمه آن 14 صفحه میباشد. کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله رایگان – برنزی ⭐️ بوده و به صورت ناقص ترجمه شده است.
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
استفاده از سورفکتانت ها برای احیای خاک های آلوده: یک مقاله مروری |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Use of surfactants for the remediation of contaminated soils: A review |
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مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی (PDF) | |
سال انتشار | 2015 |
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 17 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله | شیمی، کشاورزی |
گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله | شیمی آلی، شیمی تجزیه، شیمی خاک و علوم خاک |
چاپ شده در مجله (ژورنال) | مجله مواد خطرناک – Journal of Hazardous Materials |
رفرنس | دارد ✓ |
کد محصول | F1537 |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
مشخصات و وضعیت ترجمه فارسی این مقاله | |
وضعیت ترجمه | انجام شده و آماده دانلود |
تعداد صفحات ترجمه تایپ شده با فرمت ورد با قابلیت ویرایش | 14 صفحه (3 صفحه رفرنس انگلیسی) با فونت 14 B Nazanin |
ترجمه عناوین تصاویر و جداول | ترجمه نشده است ☓ |
ترجمه متون داخل تصاویر | ترجمه نشده است ☓ |
ترجمه متون داخل جداول | ترجمه نشده است ☓ |
درج تصاویر در فایل ترجمه | درج نشده است ☓ |
درج جداول در فایل ترجمه | درج نشده است ☓ |
کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله پایین میباشد |
توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت ناقص انجام شده است. |
فهرست مطالب |
چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه |
چکیده
1 مقدمه |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی |
Abstract Due to the great harm caused by soil contamination, there is an increasing interest to apply surfactants to the remediation of a variety of contaminated soils worldwide. This review article summarizes the findings of recent literatures regarding remediation of contaminated soils/sites using surfactants as an enhancing agent. For the surfactant-based remedial technologies, the adsorption behaviors of surfactants onto soil, the solubilizing capability of surfactants, and the toxicity and biocompatibility of surfactants are important considerations. Surfactants can enhance desorption of pollutants from soil, and promote bioremediation of organics by increasing bioavailability of pollutants. The removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from soils involves themechanisms of dissolution, surfactant-associated complexation, and ionic exchange. In addition to the conventional ionic and nonionic surfactants, gemini surfactants and biosurfactants are also applied to soil remediation due to their benign features like lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and better biocompatibility. Mixed surfactant systems and combined use of surfactants with other additives are often adopted to improve the overall performance of soil washing solution for decontamination. Worldwide the field studies and full-scale remediation using surfactantbased technologies are yet limited, however, the already known cases reveal the good prospect of applying surfactant-based technologies to soil remediation.
1 Introduction Soil contamination is a global concern and can be considered a major barrier to sustainable development. It ruins the balance of the ecosystem, and causes increasing economic loss and human health damage. Soil contamination is mainly caused by inadequate or irresponsible disposalmeasures, such as improper industrial discharge, mining tailings, waste disposal, and stockpiles. The prevailing soil contaminants include heavy metals, toxic organics, and radionuclides [1]. Increased heavy metal levels in soil have been reported in many industrialized countries and areas. The metals and their metalloids, such as chromium, cadmium, mercury, and lead, can threaten the ecosystem and human health through food chains or direct exposure to the contaminated soil/water [2]. Organic pollutants, e.g., volatile chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and petroleum products are another pervasive concern due to their toxicity, mobility, and abundance of species. These organic pollutants hardly degrade in soil, being damaging to human being and the environment through toxicity to animal and plant species [3]. Human activities also make radionuclides to contaminate the soil [4], such as the fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, the leakage of radioactive waste, and radiological events like the Chernobyl and Fukushima accident. Soils contaminated with low levels of radionuclides can pose a long-term radiation hazard to human health via food chains and other pathways [5]. Due to the high risk on human health and ecological security, contaminated soils need to be remediated for their reclamation. Many remedial attempts, including some cutting-edge technologies, have been made to achieve an environmentally sound and cost-effective remediation of contaminated lands. Among these technologies, soil washing/flushing is a time-efficient and versatile method, and attracts increasing attentions in recent years. Soil washing is a mechanical process that uses liquids, usually aqueous solutions, to remove chemical pollutants from soils. In practical remediation, because contaminants adhere to the surfaces of soil particles and usually have low water solubility, additives like acids, surfactants, and chelating agents are often added into eluents to solubilize contaminants from the soil. Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic chemicals which contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the molecular structure simultaneously. The unique molecular structure of surfactant allows to enhance the water solubility of soil contaminants, especially for the hydrophobic organic compounds. Variety of surfactants, e.g., anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and nonionic surfactants, have been tested and/or applied for soil remediation [6]. For an ex-situ soil washing using surfactant aqueous solution, the general procedure is schematically illustrated in Fig. 1a. The excavated contaminated soil is pretreated and mixed with the water containing surfactants, and agitated. After washing, the clay particles are allowed to settle out, and the eluents (i.e., the washing solutions) can be separated and regenerated for next round use [7]. The exsitu soil washing can treat a broad range of influent contaminant concentrations, and allow for the return of clean coarse fractions of soils to the site at a relative low cost [8]. In-situ soil flushing with surfactant eluents is another strategy for practical application [9], as shown in Fig. 1b. Flushing solutions, e.g., liquids containing surfactants, are injected into the area of contamination via injection wells. The soil contaminants are mobilized by solubilization (e.g., formation of micelles with the assistance of flushing solutions) or chemical interactions. After passing through the contamination zone, the contaminant-bearing fluid is collected and brought to the surface for disposal, recirculation, or on-site treatment and reinjection [10]. So far, the soil washing is one of the few treatment routes which can thoroughly separate heavy metals, organics, and radionuclides from contaminated soils. Surfactant is a frequently used additive for soil washing or other remedial technologies, such as surfactant-enhanced bioremediation [11], surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation [12], and surfactant-enhanced electrokinetic remediation [13]. In this review, the considerations for a surfactant-enhanced soil washing, and the mechanism for the removal of different types of contaminants from soils are summarized and discussed, with purposes of providing an overview of the influence of surfactants’ properties on the remediation process and the interactions between soil contaminants and surfactant-containing eluents. The progresses in the past 15 years on the application of surfactants for the remediation of contaminated soils/sites are accordingly reviewed and discussed, including ionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, gemini surfactants, biosurfactants, and mixed surfactants. The scope of the article includes not only surfactant-enhanced soil washing, but also surfactant-enhanced bioremediation and phytoremediation. Particular attentions are given to the recent advances on the removal of radionuclides using surfactants, to gemini surfactants, biosurfactant, and to themixed use of surfactants for soil remediation. For the readers’ reference, the basic information of the surfactants mentioned in this article, is shown in Table 1. |
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
استفاده از سورفکتانت ها برای احیای خاک های آلوده: یک مقاله مروری |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Use of surfactants for the remediation of contaminated soils: A review |
|