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فهرست مطالب:

چکیده
۱ مقدمه
۲ مطالعه موردی
۳ روش ها
۳ ۱سازگاری بافتی سلولی
۳ ۲ تجزیه تحلیل و آرایه VNTR و aCGH SNP
۴ نتایج
۵ بحث

بخشی از ترجمه:

 لوسمی لیمفوسیتی مزمن  با طیف وسیعی از   عملیات بالینی و پزشکی مورد بررسی قرار می گیرند. این   لوسمی را می توان  توسط  طیف وسیعی  از ناهنجاری  سیتوژنتیکی مکرر که توسط فلروسانس و باند گذاری G در هیبریداسیون سلولی شناسایی می شوند  مشخص کرد که خود یک روش  تشخیصی بوده و برای تعیین روش ها و رویکرد های درمانی استفاده می شود. با این حال بسیاری از  موتاسیون های ژنومی  دارای   اندازه و تفکیک پذیری پایین تری از باند گذاری G  بوده و آنالیز های FISH قادر به ارزیابی  ناهنجاری های  ژنتیکی نمی باشد. آنالیزهای  ژنومی با استفاده از  میکروآرایه  اطلاعات جامعی در  خصوص مکانیسم های  ژنتیکی ترانسفورماسیون در اختیار می گذارند. پتیفر (2)  به آزمایش70  CLL متوالی با استفاده از   آرایه های  10 و 50 K پرداخت. آن ها یک ناتوازنی کروموزومی را در  65 و 80%  موارد مشاهده کردند. در  14 مورد،  کاهش  هتروزاگوسیتی رونوشتی خنثی در مناطق  بزرگ تر از  10 Mb  که توسط FISH شناسایی نشده بودند   دیده شد. آفلبل ،  آرایش کاریوتیپی  آرایه بنیان SNP را در  آنمی ماژور در برابر سندرم  میلدوپلاستیک فوق سلولی  در 93 بیمار گزارش کرد.هدف ایشان بهبود  دقت تشخیصی  با شناسایی برخی نواقص بود.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

1. Introduction Chromosomal abnormalities are common among patients with hematologic malignancies and may be useful in tailoring therapy. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia several, such as del 13q14, del 17p and trisomy 12 are of prognostic significance [1]. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing is used routinely to identify such aberrations, but detection is limited to the probes used in the panel [2]. Thus other, potentially important genetic changes may be undetected. We describe a CLL case with undetected genetic aberration including loss of heterozygosity of MHC genes which impacted recipient-donor matching for hematopoietic stem cell transplant. 2. Case The patient is a 63 year old Caucasian male diagnosed with CLL in 1985 when he presented with generalized lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy and bone marrow aspirate and biopsy were consistent with diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. He was observed through July 2009 when his white blood cell count was found to be 83,000 and 79% lymphocytes. He received 2 cycles Fludarabine and Rituxan, but within 3 weeks presented with fever and was found to be pancytopenic. He was subsequently referred to our institution for consultation. At time of evaluation his WBC was 87,100 with 99% lymphocytes, hematocrit was 34% and platelets count was 27,000. Peripheral blood flow cytometry revealed a kappa-restricted CD10, CD20+, CD5+, CD23+, CD19+, FMC7 CD38 clonal population of B cells. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy demonstrated diffuse involvement of the marrow by CLL. FISH on the marrow revealed 13q14.3 (D13S319) deletion detected in 200/200 cells as well as a 17p13 (p53) deletion detected in 200/ 200 cells. Routine G-banding was not performed. He underwent HLA typing for consideration of allogeneic transplant using a peripheral blood sample obtained at the time of evaluation. In addition, he consented to participate in an IRB approved protocol in which peripheral blood and marrow samples are prospectively collected in patients with hematologic malignancies to be used in research studies. Following a cycle of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituxan, he was switched to Campath chemotherapy for two cycles but developed pancytopenia with transfusion dependence. His neutropenia was refractory to filgrastim. 3. Methods 3.1. Histocompatibility Recipient HLA typing was performed by molecular method. DNA was extracted from white blood cells using a manual blood kit (Qiagen). Low resolution typing for HLA-A, B, C and DQ and high resolution typing for HLA-DRB1 was performed in a bead based assay using reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (rSSO), Labtype (One Lambda, Canoga Park CA). High resolution typing for HLA-A, B, C, and DQB1 used sequence specific primers (SSP) and gel electrophoresis (Unitray; Invitrogen). Related donors were screened by serological HLA typing (Gentrak and Transtype); those that are potential matches proceed to molecular typing. T and B subsets are obtained from peripheral blood by Dynal immunomagnetic bead method for CD8+ and CD19+ cells respectively (Invitrogen: Carlsbad, CA). 3.2. VNTR and aCGH-SNP array and analysis The fluorescently-labeled PCR products targeting 8 loci (D11S554, D12S391, D16S539, FGA, Penta E, SE33, THO, VWF-B) were resolved using capillary electrophoresis with the relative quantity of each product measured by its fluorescence. Microarray CGH experiment was carried out on custom-designed Agilent’s SurePrint G3 CGH-SNP 4 180 K cancer targeted platform (Agilent Technologies. Santa Clara, CA, USA) containing approximately 120,000 CGH probes covering over 500 cancer genes and more than 130 cancer-associated genomic regions and 60,000 SNP probes. Genotypes on this array are measured using one SNP probe per SNP, providing 5–10 Mb resolution for LOH/UPD detection across the entire genome. Test DNA was referenced against same-sex control DNA. Patient DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and the control DNA (NA12891) was obtained from the Coriell Cell Repository (Camden, NJ, USA). Briefly, patient’s DNA and control DNA (1.0 lg) were digested with restriction enzymes, Alu1 and Rsa1, and enzymatically labeled with dyes Cyanine- 5dUTP and Cyanine-3dUTP respectively by using Agilent’s Enzymatic Labeling Kit (Cat #5190–0449) as per the manufacturer’s recommendations. The labeled DNA was hybridized as per the Agilent’s recommendations at 65 C for 40 h. Following washing, the slides were scanned in Agilent’s high resolution scanner (Model #G2505C) at 3 lm resolution. The output files were processed using Feature Extraction software v10.10 and analyzed by Genomic Workbench Software v6.5 (Agilent Technologies. Santa Clara, CA, USA), using an ADM-1 algorithm for aberration analysis and visualization, with the threshold set at 6.7. To control small variations appearing in the data analysis, we used an extra aberration filter, defining the minimum number of probes that should be present in an aberrant region as 3 (gain or loss), with the minimum absolute level of average log2 ratio of 0.25. The centralization was on with threshold and bin size set at 6.0 and 10, respectively, and GC correction and fuzzy zero were also included in the analysis. For the detection of SNP and LOH, 95% confidence level and thresholds 6.0 were set respectively.

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نوشته دانلود مقاله ترجمه شده کاهش مخصوص هتروزایگوسیتی لوسمی MHC در بیمار CLL – مجله الزویر اولین بار در ترجمه فا پدیدار شد.

فهرست مطالب:

چکیده
۱مقدمه
۲ مواد و روش ها
۲ ۱ نمونه ی ذغال سنگ و شرایط کشت سویه های باکتریایی
۲ ۲ ازمایش گوگرد زدایی زیستی ذغال سنگ
۲ ۳ ازمایش فرو شویی زیستی پیریت
۲ ۴ تجزیه تحلیل نمونه
۳ نتایج و بحث
۳ ۱ فرایند گوگرد زدایی زیستی زغال سنگ
۳ ۲عملکرد فروشویی زیستی پیریت A caldus
۳ ۳ تجزیه تحلیل پیریت توسط میکروسکوپ الکترونی نگاره
۳ ۴ خصوصیات سطحی سلول ها و پیریت
۳ ۵ تجزیه تحلیل فروشویی زیستی پیریت و گونه زایی گوگرد
۴ نتیجه گیری

بخشی از ترجمه:

 سویه اسید دوست و گرما دوست A. caldus نخست برای گوگرد زدایی زیستی زغال سنگ استفاده شد . نتایج نهایی حاکی از گوگرد زدایی زیستی پیریت و گوکرد زدایی زیستی کل به ترتیب 47 و 19 درصد بود. بعد از فراوری به مدت 40 روز، سلول به سطح پیریت هاچسبیده و هیچ گونه خوردگی روی سطح کانی وجود نداشت. به علاوه، سلول های رشد یافته سوبستراهای مختلف گوگرد، خصوصیات سطحی متفاوتی رانشان داد ند. بر عکس، سلول های رشد یافته روی پیریت و گوگرد عنصری دارای گروه های عاملی اب دوست تر از تیوسولفات بودند.
گوگرد عنصری یک عنصر و مولفه مهم گوگردی در فروشویی زیستی زغال سنگ می باشد با این حال هیچ گونه ترکیب معدنی ثانویه شناسایی نشد.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

Introduction Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world. However, the combustion of coal containing high sulfur causes serious environmental damage such as acid rain because of emission of sulfur dioxide [1]. Sulfur is present in coal mainly in three forms: pyritic, organic and sulfate sulfur. The organic sulfur is the integral part of the coal matrix, whereas pyritic sulfur is present in coal as mineral matter. There are several physical–chemical methods employed to eliminate the organic or inorganic sulfur fractions of coal by floatation, oxidation and reduction with chemicals [2]. Nevertheless, these physical methods cannot remove the pyrite when these sulfides are finely dispersed in coal matrix. Furthermore, although the chemical methods can remove organic and inorganic sulfur from coal, which will also produce hazardous secondary products and lead to loss of partial combustible matter [3,4]. Biodesulfurization offers a clean alternative method to remove sulfur from coals, in which the microbes can catalyze the biochemical reaction in an aqueous medium resulting in the oxidation and dissolving of the sulfur content into sulfate [4,5]. Among of them, the mesophillic microbes, mainly A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans have been frequently applied to remove the pyrite from coals [4,6,7]. However, in the last decade, limited literatures reported that the thermophilic microbes were used to eliminate the sulfur from coal [8,9]. Recently, A. caldus has been reported as the dominant sulfur-oxidizing thermophilic bacterium accounting for the relatively high percentage in bioleaching pyrite at 45 °C [10,11]. To our knowledge, it has never been used in coal’s biodesulfurization process. It is well known that the attachment of cells on the surface of mineral is reported to be involved in the oxidation of sulfide minerals, which depends not only on the interfacial process between the cells and mineral surface but also the biochemical properties of the cells. Furthermore, it has been reported that the surface properties of bacterial cells are significantly influenced by the growth conditions [12–14]. Hence, a better understanding of the surface properties of functional bacteria under different conditions is helpful to illustrate the interfacial interaction between cells and mineral surface [15,16]. The bio-oxidation of pyrite has been widely investigated and a possible mechanism has been proposed: the stepwise oxidation and the formation of surface-bound thiosulfate, and then oxidized via tetrathionate and other polythionates, finally to sulfate [17–19]. Many investigators agreed that the precipitation of mineral phases during the pyrite oxidation process may affect the efficiency of sulfur removal [20,21]. Besides the reported jarosite, the sulfur-rich layers may also deposit onto the surface of pyrite, thus preventing the contact of the microorganisms and hindering the leaching process [21–23]. The object of this study is to investigate the coal’s biodesulfurization and the coal pyrite’s bioleaching by thermophilies A. caldus cells and the interfacial interaction between cells and coal pyrite surface with the approaches of zeta-potential, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and sulfur Kedge XANES. 2. Material and method 2.1. Coal sample and bacterial strains’ culture conditions The coal sample used in the experiment was collected from Indonesia area named MTWL-7 and the total sulfur of it was 2.15%, which was sterilized at 120 °C for 20 min. The pyrite powders used in the experiments were picked up from the coal samples and the component was analyzed with XRD (data not shown). A. caldus derived from the acid hot spring of Yun-nan province, south east of China was cultivated in the Starkey basal salt medium [24] supplemented with sulfur powder, pyrite, coal and thiosualfate, and the initial pH of culture were 2.5, 2.5, 2.5 and 4.8, respectively. The culture of A. caldus was grown in 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL medium and incubated at 40 °C with 170 rpm shaking. Bacterial cells were cultured until late exponential phase and harvested by the following procedure: the cultures were filtered three times through filter paper (pore size 7–10 μm) to remove the suspended solid particles and then the filtrates were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min, and the cell pellets were washed thrice in diluted sulfuric acid (0.1 mol.L−1 ) in order to remove any trapped ions, finally all the samples were freezedried and stored at −20 °C for zeta-potentials and the FT-IR test. 2.2. Coal biodesulfurization experiment The biodesulfurization processes were carried out in flasks with a volume capacity of 100 mL in 250 mL of basic salt medium, 10% w/v pulp density, particle size of −65 Tyler mesh, the initial cell concentration was 1.0 × 106 cells.mL−1 , processing time of 30 d. Every four days, the pH values, and concentration of iron of biodesulfurization system were determined. At the end of the experiments, the coal samples were prepared with the method mentioned in the literature [25], then the total sulfur and the relative sulfur contents in the coal samples were measured [26].

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