این مقاله انگلیسی ISI در نشریه Sage در 24 صفحه در سال 2000 منتشر شده و ترجمه آن 34 صفحه میباشد. کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله رایگان – برنزی ⭐️ بوده و به صورت کامل ترجمه شده است.
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
بازنماها و هویت ها در فضاهای نقشه گردشگری |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Representations and identities in tourism map spaces |
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مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی (PDF) | |
سال انتشار | 2000 |
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 24 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله | جغرافیا، مهندسی عمران |
گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله | جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، نقشه برداری |
چاپ شده در مجله (ژورنال) | پیشرفت در جغرافیای انسانی – Progress in Human Geography |
کلمات کلیدی | نقشه کشی انتقادی، مطالعات گردشگری انتقادی، فضای نقشه |
دانشگاه | گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه کنتاکی، ایالات متحده آمریکا |
رفرنس | دارد ✓ |
کد محصول | F1313 |
نشریه | Sagepub |
مشخصات و وضعیت ترجمه فارسی این مقاله | |
وضعیت ترجمه | انجام شده و آماده دانلود |
تعداد صفحات ترجمه تایپ شده با فرمت ورد با قابلیت ویرایش | 34 صفحه با فونت 14 B Nazanin |
ترجمه عناوین تصاویر | ترجمه شده است ✓ |
درج تصاویر در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله پایین میباشد |
فهرست مطالب |
چکیده |
بخشی از ترجمه |
چکیده |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی |
Abstract Tourism maps remain underexamined in geography. Despite recent trends in critical cartography and tourism studies that redefine the relationship between space and representation, these geographic texts are rarely explored for their intertextual relationships with the spaces they claim to represent. In this article, we argue that tourism maps and other representations play an important role in the production of tourism spaces. We begin with an examination of the parallel trends in critical cartography and tourism studies and then push these intial theoretics further by integrating theories of identity, space and representation. We define tourism maps, spaces and identities as inter-related processes rather than final products. The creation of maps as processes inevitably includes the ambiguities introduced in the production of spaces and the formation of identities by changing social contexts. These ambiguities are readable in maps and they permit us, and potentially other map readers, to understand the spaces and identities of tourism in ways not fully circumscribed by a map’s immediate production context and purpose. To explore this theoretical argument further we read one tourism map for the inter-related, ambiguous and therefore contested processes reproducing, but never fully fixing, tourism spaces and identities. I Introduction Tourism maps remain underexamined in tourism geography and cartography literatures. These subdisciplines’ reliance on positivistic assumptions has ensured that these geographic texts have been ignored. It would seem that many geographers simply dismiss tourism maps because of their blatant biases as advertisements and/or their flagrant disregard of the cartographic rules for accurately modeling reality. Within the confines of positivism, such flaws ensure that tourism maps obfuscate rather than reveal the reality of tourism sites. Since the mid-1980s, however, critical cartographers, tourism geographers and other scholars of tourism have re-examined the relationships between space and representation (Wood and Fels, 1986; Harley, 1988; 1989; Urry, 1990; Britton, 1991; Shields, 1991; Wood, 1992; Ryden, 1993; Shaw and Williams, 1994; Del Casino, 1996; Hanna, 1996). In a variety of ways these works argue convincingly that the production of representations, including maps, contributes to the production of spaces. Extending this logic to the relationship between tourism maps and spaces is a simple step; the map helps to reproduce the space as unique, exotic, exciting, leisurely or otherwise in contrast from the everyday spaces of work and home. Yet, tourism maps do not only play a role in the production of tourism spaces; they contribute to the reproduction of identities. Following Natter and Jones (1997), and other identity theorists (Laclau and Mouffe, 1985; Butler, 1988; 1990; 1993; Rose, 1993; Bhabha, 1994; Gallaher, 1997), we hold that identity formation is a representational process. Identities are defined and contested, and at times naturalized, through representational practices and individual performances. Many tourism maps include images of the people or ‘hosts’ who make tourism spaces unique, exotic and exciting. Tourists use these images to help them understand who these people are and how they are different from themselves. Some maps portray tourists engaged in the activities for which tourism spaces are produced, thereby confirming tourists’ identities and guiding their reproduction of these spaces. In these and other ways, tourism maps contribute to the production of identity and can help us understand the relationships between identity, representation and space. We do not want to assert, however, that tourism maps and other representations completely fix the meanings of spaces and identities when they are designed and produced by advertising companies, tourism agencies or other actors in the tourism industry. While maps draw meaning from and help to define the spaces and identities of tourism, they contain uncertainties and traces of excluded others that introduce potential ambiguities in their relationships with space and identity. If we define tourism maps, spaces and identities as inter-related processes rather than final products, the moment of map production is no longer determinant. Rather, the creation of maps as processes inevitably includes the ambiguities introduced in the production of spaces and the formation of identities through changes in social contexts. Thus, readable in maps are these ambiguities or degrees of freedom that permit us, and potentially other map readers, to understand the spaces and identities of tourism in ways not fully circumscribed by a map’s immediate production context. In this article, we use the tourism map to examine the inter-related, ambiguous and therefore contested processes reproducing, but never fully fixing, tourism spaces and identities. We start to construct a theory of the relationship between map, space and identity as processes with a review of cartographic and tourism studies literatures focusing on the relationships between space and representation. Then, we turn to identity theory to explicate the relationships between identity, space and representation. As others have demonstrated, tourist destinations, travel writings and the relationships of tourists and non-tourists are all rich locations for exploring these relationships (Savage, 1984; Urry, 1990; Britton, 1991; Shields, 1991; Kinnaird et al., 1994; Shaw and Williams, 1994; Del Casino, 1995; 1996). Drawing on these literatures, we seek to challenge the fixity and naturalness of the boundaries between map and margins, tourism spaces and nontourism spaces, representation and reality. We conclude this work with a reading of Bangkok, Stadtplan für Männer presents the nightlife, a 1991 tourism map of Bangkok, Thailand. Using other maps, texts, and personal observations of Bangkok and Thailand to provide the necessary context, our reading demonstrates that this map contributes to, but does not fix, the spaces and identities of tourism in Thailand. More generally, we argue that tourism maps are important documents for the understanding of tourism as well as the relationships between map, space and identity. |
دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
بازنماها و هویت ها در فضاهای نقشه گردشگری |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Representations and identities in tourism map spaces |
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