دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله کاربرد فرایند سلسله مراتبی تحلیلی در اولویت بندی شاخص های پایداری شهری – Sage 2013

استفاده از روند سلسله مراتبی تحلیلی در اولویت بندی شاخص های پایداری شهری

Analytical Hierarchy Process Application in Urban Sustainability Indicators Prioritization

چکیده
جمعیت شهری برای دلایل زیادی به سرعت در حال افزایش است: افزایش سریع جمعیت کل کشور، فرصت های شغلی بیشتر، استاندارد های بهتر زندگی و دردسترس بودن امکانات سودمند مطمئن در شهرها. پیش بینی شده که این روند برای دهه های پیش رو ادامه می یابد، به همین خاطر، اداره ی شهرها بر اساس روشی پایدار چالشیست که توجه های فراوانی را از سوی سیاست گذاران و محققان به سوی خود جلب کرده است. بسیاری از کشورهای توسعه یافته مجموعه ای از شاخص های پایداری را برای نواحی شهری تنظیم کرده اند. این مقاله بازبینی شاخص های پایداری را که در مجلات بین المللی متشر شده اند را انجام داده است و فهرستی از از شاخص های مناسب برای محیط های شهری مالزی آماده نموده است. لیست ما با توجه به ضوابطی که شامل دسترسی، تنوع در مسیرهای فضایی و موقعیت و اندازه گیری بوده اند تولید شده است. ما از روش ای اچ پی برای امتیاز دهی و اولویت بندی شاخص های پایداری برای مالزی استفاده کرده ایم. بررسی شامل 15 فارغ التحصیل بوده است که هر کدامشان سوالاتی که شامل چهار بخش توسعه ی اقتصادی، پایداری اجتماعی، نگهداری زیست محیطی و قدرت نهادی بوده است را، دریافت کرده اند.

Abstract

Urban population is increasing rapidly for many reasons, fast increase in the country’s total population, more job opportunities, better living standards, and availability of reliable utility services in the cities. This trend is predicted to continue for decades to come, therefore, managing urban cities on a sustainable way is a challenge that receives increasing attention from policy-makers and researchers. Many developed countries have established some sets of sustainability indicators for the urban areas. This paper presents review on the sustainability indicators published in international journals and have prepared a list of indicators that are suitable to the Malaysian urban environment. We have produced this list of sustainability indicators based on sorting criteria including accessibility, variability in spatial and temporal directions, and measurability We used analytical hierarchy process to rank and prioritize urban sustainability indicators for Malaysia. The results, data analysis and prioritization of a set of urban sustainability indicators are presented in this paper. The survey included a group of 15 postgraduate students given questionnaires consisting of four sections; Economic Development, Social Stability, Environmental Conservation and Institutional Strength.

1. Introduction

Cities have been viewed as efficient places for business location, markets for job creation, social interaction as well as culture and communication platform. However, the rapid pace of growth and development can altered the balance of city and nature, the urban and the rural[1]. When there are too many people migrating to the urban area, there is no doubt that it will increase the cities’ density and the effect can be negative and give rise to unpleasant interferences but can also be very positive and give rise to social cohesion and there assumption that higher density developments are more sustainable[2] which leads to more wealth creation and decrease the cost of city’s infrastructure as economy can be exploited. Nonetheless it also means that the cost of living gets higher which may lead to a few undesirable social issues. Cities’ advancement leads to many challenges to meet the needs of the cities’ increasing population by not straining land and resources or create lead to social issues. The challenges cities face can be overcome in ways that allow them to continue to thrive and grow, while improving resource use, reduce pollution and poverty. The future we want includes cities of opportunities, with access to basic services, energy, housing, transportation and more for all. Sustainability calls for a decent standard of living for everyone today without compromising the needs of future generations where it has emerged as a planning concept from its beginnings in economics and ecological thinking and has widely been applied to urban development. Urban sustainability is seen as a desirable state of urban conditions that persists overtime[3]. Hence, there is a need for a sustainability assessment approach that requires cities to view environmental impact seriously while simultaneously asserting the value of social and economic. Thus, the positive aspects of cities can be merged into a net benefit approach, where the enduring value of environmental improvement, social gain and economic enhancement can be seen as a joint legacy for the future[4]. Urban indicators are no doubt one of the most well known tools to be used to assess the level of urban sustainability in the world now. For the past two decades, extensive research and works has been conducted and tested to improvise the methodology of developing the urban indicators. Currently, there are long lists of urban sustainability indicators that are used by so many institutions or countries that leads to the questions of whether its manageable to be applied justifiably and most importantly the problems it created for the decision makers to decide what needs to be focused to measure the urban sustainability level. Hence, there is urgency in developing a method that is useful in process of selecting the appropriate indicators for decision-making based on the specific current condition of that particular cities or country. The focus of this paper is to apply the methodology of selecting and ranking the urban sustainability indicators. First of all, long lists of urban indicators were compiled from different sources and are short-listed based on ten criteria. Second, Then, the list is further short-listed using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) tool created by Saaty. Third, an analysis of ranking obtained is presented and finally a brief conclusion with the strength and problems of the present approach are used to conclude on the usefulness of AHP for ranking indicators and its contribution in decision-making.