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عنوان فارسی مقاله | تخمین هزینه حاشیه ای نگهداری و تعمیر بزرگراه تحت فعالیت های نگهداری چندگانه |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Estimation of Highway Maintenance Marginal Cost under Multiple Maintenance Activities |
رشته های مرتبط | مهندسی عمران، مهندسی ترافیک یا حمل و نقل، مهندسی راه و ترابری |
کلمات کلیدی | هزینه حاشیه ای، نگه داری بزرگ راه، راهبرد واقع گرایانه، فعالیت های چندگانه |
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توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت خلاصه انجام شده است. |
نشریه | ASCE |
مجله | مجله مهندسی حمل و نقل – JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING |
سال انتشار | 2010 |
کد محصول | F723 |
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فهرست مقاله: چکیده |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Introduction A typical highway agency uses multiple types of highway pavement maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction MR&R activities. Often, highway agencies have MR&R strategies that are condition responsive; in other words, a given MR&R activity is performed each time a given measure of pavement condition reaches a predetermined trigger level. Each type of activity can be triggered by a different type of pavement condition, such as rutting, alligator cracking, or roughness. As a result of such a condition-responsive strategy, an increase in traffic loading leads to an indirect increase in the MR&R total cost incurred by the highway agency. An increase in traffic loading accelerates pavement deterioration, which brings forward all future MR&R activities which, in turn, increases their present value. The increase in the MR&R total cost resulting from an additional unit of traffic loading e.g., an additional equivalent single axle load ESAL is the MR&R marginal cost. This is only one component of the marginal social cost. Other components of the marginal social cost include the private marginal cost the increase in own vehicle operating cost and the highway user marginal cost the increase in the cost of subsequent vehicles as a result of worse pavement condition. This paper only focuses on the MR&R marginal cost component. From an equity and economic efficiency point of view, it is desirable that each vehicle pays its marginal social cost. There is growing interest for implementing marginal cost pricing, which is a pricing strategy that sets price equal to the marginal social cost, one component of which is MR&R marginal cost. The lack of accurate estimates of MR&R marginal cost remains an important obstacle to such implementation. Much of this inaccuracy stems from unrealistic simplifying assumptions, such as the assumption that the only MR&R activity used by a highway agency is an overlay of constant intensity. Bruzelius 2004 surveyed the different approaches used in the literature to estimate MR&R marginal cost. Among these approaches, the perpetual overlay indirect approach is the most detailed because it explicitly models the steps that take place between the increase in traffic loading and the increase in MR&R cost. Bruzelius 2004 referred to it as the “indirect approach.” This approach assumes that pavement overlay resurfacing costs dominate MR&R costs, and it ignores all other MR&R costs. It uses an infinite analysis horizon and assumes that a pavement is overlaid as soon as it deteriorates to a predetermined trigger level Newbery 1988; Small et al. 1989. It first relates changes in traffic loading additional ESAL to changes in overlay frequency an additional ESAL brings forward the future overlays and possibly changes in the overlay intensity thicker overlays in anticipation of higher traffic loadings in the future. Then, it relates these changes in overlay frequency and intensity to MR&R marginal cost. Following Small et al. 1989, Vitaliano and Held 1990, and Lindberg 2002, an additional ESAL is defined as an event that recurs annually, and the MR&R marginal cost is defined as the change in the annualized cost of future overlays, as a result of increasing the traffic loading by 1 ESAL this year and every year in the future. After the increase, all years have the same annual traffic loading, which exceeds the current annual traffic loading by 1. This is referred to as the recurring additional ESAL. The perpetual overlay indirect approach includes studies by Newbery 1988, Small et al. 1989, Vitaliano and Held 1990, Transportation Research Board 1996, Lindberg 2002, and Haraldsson 2007a. The basic formulation in the state-of-the-art proceeds as follows. Consider one lane of a flexible pavement section of a highway. Let constant L, such that L0, be the annual traffic loading for this section ESAL/year. Also, consider a highway agency that uses a simple MR&R strategy with only one type of MR&R activity, namely, an overlay of constant intensity that is triggered by a specific pavement performance measure. |