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دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی
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| عنوان فارسی مقاله: | کنترل کپک قارچی برای الوار فراوری شده در شرایط ذخیره انباری |
| عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Mold Control for Treated Lumber in Block-Stack Storage Conditions |
| مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی (PDF) | |
| سال انتشار مقاله | 2012 |
| تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 8 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
| رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله | مهندسی منابع طبیعی |
| گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله | مهندسی علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، بیولوژی و حفاظت چوب، صنایع چوب، جنگلداری، مهندسی چوب، مدیریت و اقتصاد صنایع چوب و کاغذ |
| مجله مربوطه | گروه پژوهشی بین المللی حفاظت چوب (International Research Group on Wood Protection) |
| دانشگاه تهیه کننده | مرکز تحقیق و توسعه فناوری Viance |
| کلمات کلیدی این مقاله | تست قارچ، روش گل خانه ای ، بازدارنده قارچ،ACQ،Copper Azole, CA-C، بورات،DOT، دافع آب، تبوکونازل، پروپیکونازل، ایزوتیازولینون |
| نشریه | Irg-wp |
| مشخصات و وضعیت ترجمه مقاله (Word) | |
| تعداد صفحات ترجمه مقاله | 9 صفحه با فرمت ورد، به صورت تایپ شده و با فونت 14 – B Nazanin |
| ترجمه اشکال | ترجمه توضیحات زیر اشکال انجام شده و اشکال و نمودارها به صورت عکس در فایل ترجمه درج شده است. |
فهرست مطالب:
چکیده
مقدمه
نمونه های فراوری
تیمارها(فراوری)
تست کپک قارچی
ارزیابی مقاومت به قارچ
نتایج و بحث
نتیجه گیری
بخشی از ترجمه:
به منظور شبیه سازی شرایط موجود در چوب های تیمار شده تحت وضعیت انباری، روش تست کپک گلخانه ای در این مقاله می تواند اطلاعت فنی ارزشمندی برای پیش بینی و راهنمود هایی در خصوص عملیات تجاری کنترل کپک طی ذخیره، فروش و نصب در اختیار بگذارد. داده های گزارش شده در این جا نشان دادند که سیستم های فراوری حفاظتی مختلف داارای خصوصیات مقاومت به کپک منحصر به فرد ناشی از خواص شیمیایی اجزای هر تیمار هستند. بازدارنده متداول k1 با بنیان شیمایی isothiazolinone در چارچوب حداکثر سطح قابل مجاز می تواند کنترل خوبی از رشد کپک برای چوب acq در صورتی فراهم آورد که چوب در برابر کپک آسیب پذیر باشد. در برخی از موارد، نظیر چوب های فراوری شده با CA-C، ترکیب K1/K2 برای کنترل کارامد رشد کپک بعد از تیمار و مرحله ذخیره و توزیع مورد نیاز است.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
INTRODUCTION Traditionally, the treated lumber industry is pressure treating wood with waterborne chemicals to protect against decay and insect attack. The most common inorganic water based preservatives used in the market are CCA, copper-based preservatives (soluble copper and particulate copper-based in the eastern US), borate and quat based or combination products. Recently, new products with organic chemical based preservatives (Tebuconazole, DCOIT, Propiconazole, IPBC and others) usually in combination the use of water repellents and other stabilizers have been commercialized in the US and elsewhere for above ground applications. In addition to the biocide- based treatments mentioned, chemically and thermally modified wood, as well as wood plastic composite lumber (WPC) are now also marketed for certain construction applications. In general, these lumber and composite products are produced and stored in large block-stacked packs. Often, it is common practice for these materials to be stored, shipped, and distributed before while still wet as a result of the treatment process. In these conditions, although the lumber is not generally subject to attack by wood destroying organisms such as fungi and insects, the materials are Page 3 of 8 subject to surface mold development which can be a significant problem during storage, retailing and installation. The assessment of mold, and its control, on treated products in block-stack storage conditions is critical in the determination of mold development potential in commercial applications. Currently, the standardized mold testing methods used are ASTM D3273 (1) and AWPA E24 (2). Other modified testing procedures (4, 5) are also reported. The AWPA and ASTM laboratory methods are designed for the mold evaluation testing against specified pure mold culture. The test samples (wood or composites) are conditioned to the same moisture level and the designated mold culture suspension to be used. The test chamber requires temperature, air flow and moisture content control to accelerate mold growth. In these standardized tests the specimen’s size is small and the samples are spaced apart from each other so that the mold development can be assessed by individual pieces of samples. Though these methods are instructive in evaluating the relative performance of endproducts in comparison with known controls, they do not simulate the conditions confronted by treated wood in block-stack storage conditions. In this paper, the mold control of the treated lumber in block-stack storage is evaluated in a green house setting to simulate the worst case scenario of natural environment in terms of treated lumber and mold species involved but with the accelerated conditions such as elevated temperature and humidity. We have used this method with considerable success for the past 10 years. The test results of using this methodology with several water borne preservative systems with and without mold inhibitors are reported. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Treatment Samples Southern pine (nominal 2×4 – 8’ #2) lumber was cut into 300 mm treatment specimens. Boards were selected for samples that were visually free of sapstain and mold infection. The samples were randomized into treatments groups of designated treatments and labeled with sample and treatment number. Treatments Various preservative treatment systems were used in many different tests by our research group over the years. In this paper, three sets of test results are provided to illustrate the method and the evaluation process. For all of the tests, the materials were pressure treated using common industry treatment practices for water-borne preservatives. The three groups of treatments included in this report were as follows: 1) ACQ type C (with BAC as co-biocide) with and without water repellent (WR) targeting an actives retention of 4 kg/m3 . Two types of mold inhibitors (K1 and K2, both are isothiazolinone based) were used in combination with the ACQ treatments. The several levels of mold inhibitors were used in the test to evaluate the effectiveness. Page 4 of 8 2) Soluble and particulate copper azole type C (CA-C) treated wood at above ground retention of 1.0 kg/m3 . Two types of mold inhibitors (K1 and K2) were used in combination with the both type of CA-C treatments. Several levels of mold inhibitors were used in the test to evaluate the effectiveness. 3) Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) treatment at a solution concentration of 1.2% with and without mold inhibitor (K1) and various quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats as: Q1, Q2 and Q3) as additives at various solution concentrations.
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دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی
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| عنوان فارسی مقاله: | کنترل کپک قارچی برای الوار فراوری شده در شرایط ذخیره انباری |
| عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Mold Control for Treated Lumber in Block-Stack Storage Conditions |
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