دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی فرآیندهای سیاست سلامت در سلامت مادران: مقایسه ویتنام، هند و چین به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | فرآیندهای سیاست سلامت در سلامت مادران: مقایسه ویتنام، هند و چین |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Health policy processes in maternal health: A comparison of Vietnam, India and China |
رشته های مرتبط: | پزشکی، اپیدمیولوژی و بهداشت عمومی |
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توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله در سطح متوسط انجام شده است. |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f452 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1.مقدمه 2.روش ها دو بررسی کیفی تضمین کیفیت [3] برای تقویت قابلیت اطمینان و اعتبار یافته ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تصدیق اخلاقی در هر کشوری و کمیته های مشورتی ایجاد شده برای ارائه مشاوره در مورد روند تحقیق و کمک در انتشار، بدست آمد. یک چارچوب مفهومی (به شکل 1 نگاه کنید) که تحت تحلیل قرار گرفت، براساس مطالعات توسعه یافته است. فلش ها، روابط تاثیرگذار بین اجزای کلیدی را نشان می دهند.این چارچوب به رسمیت شناخته شده است که روند شناسایی، توسعه و اجرای سیاست های بهداشتی پیچیده و حساس است. این به خاطر بخشی از تکنیک و ابعاد سیاسی و تعداد بازیگران درگیر (یا نه) در فرآیندها است [4-7]. چارچوب حاصل از مثلث سیاست والت و گیلسون [5] است که منجر به یک اقتصاد سیاسی می شود. این مثلث شامل چهار عنصر مرتبط با سیاست های بهداشتی می باشد [6]
– چگونه سیاست ها (فرایندها) با سه مرحله انجام می شود: |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction Health policy analysis in low- and middle-income countries is attracting increasing attention. The bulk of research has focused on policy content, particularly evaluating technical appropriateness. However the nature of the processes (how policies are made, and by whom) leading to these policies affects their appropriateness and often their implementation. Researchers have only recently started to explore these processes in low- and middle-income countries [1]. A better understanding of these processes could help policy-makers to design more appropriate and effective processes and assist other policy actors in engaging with these processes. We report on research which analysed maternal health policy processes in three Asian countries, Vietnam, India (Gujarat State) and China (Guangxi Province). This paper does not aim to fully describe the policy processes or context of each case study, which are available elsewhere [2]. Rather, this comparative analysis seeks to identify similarities and differences between these settings in order to understand better the policy processes and factors impinging on them. We start with an overview of the research, its methods and underpinning conceptual framework. We then present and discuss key findings and conclude with implications for strengthening health policy processes. 2. Methods The HEPVIC project was interested in understanding the policy processes and particular how policy is identified, developed and implemented. The project was a multi-method, retrospective country and comparative study. The research focused on policy processes in the field of maternal health. Four different maternal health policies were chosen as case studies (see Table 1). These were skilled birth attendance (SBA), adolescent reproductive health (ARH), abortion and domestic violence (DV). These were chosen to get a range of casestudies which involved different sectors (such as DV), policy areas that were socially sensitive (abortion, DV and ARH) and socially accepted (SBA) and those which had internationally accepted ‘technical’ interventions (SBA) and those where there were no clear consensus on ‘technical interventions’ (ARH, DV). To enable comparisons of findings between the countries, similar research design, methods, tools and analysis procedures were used. Data collection involved review of 553 documents, 124 semi-structured interviews, 1 focus group and 5 participatory stakeholder workshops. These were conducted by the country researchers using a topic guide. Country-specific data analysis was carried out by the Asian partners supported by European partners. A framework approach to analysis was taken. The unit of analysis for the comparative analysis reported here is the study country.2 Quality assurance checks [3] were used to strengthen the reliability and validity of findings. Ethica approval was obtained in each country and advisory committees set up to advise on the research process and assist in dissemination. A conceptual framework (see Fig. 1), which underpinned the analysis, was developed drawing on the literature. This shows, through arrows, the influencing relationships between the key components. The framework recognised that the process of identifying, developing and implementing health policy is complex and sensitive. This is due partly to the technical and political dimensions and to the number of actors involved (or not) in the processes [4–7]. The framework emanates from the Walt and Gilson policy triangle [5], which stems from a political economy perspective. The triangle comprises four and inter-related elements of health policy-making [6]: ◦ How policies are made (processes) with three stages: agenda-setting, policy development and policy implementation (including evaluation). ◦ By whom policies are made (actors). ◦ What are wider issues affecting health policies (context). ◦ What are the policy outputs (contents) (we identified three potential outputs, but focus here on maternal health services). The conceptual framework distinguishes two new elements to this; the nature of the policy issue which is related to the context, and evidence. Both emerged as critical factors in the policy processes. |