دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی بهره برداری از ویژگی های نانوسایزی میکروفیبریل سلولز (MFC) برای توسعه بسته بندی انتشار کنترل شده به همراه ترجمه فارسی
| عنوان فارسی مقاله: | بهره برداری از ویژگی های نانوسایزی میکروفیبریل سلولز (MFC) برای توسعه بسته بندی انتشار کنترل شده |
| عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Exploiting the nano-sized features of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) for the development of controlled-release packaging |
| رشته های مرتبط: | زیست شناسی، علوم سلولی و مولکولی و میکروبیولوژی |
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| نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
| کد محصول | f396 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Abstract Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was used in this study to prepare films containing an active molecule, lysozyme, which is a natural antimicrobial agent. The main goal of this research was to assess the potential for exploiting the nano-sized dimension of cellulose fibrils to slow the release of the antimicrobial molecule, thus avoiding a too-quick release into the surrounding medium, which is a major disadvantage of most release systems. For this purpose,the release kinetics of lysozyme over a 10-day period in two different media (pure water and water/ethanol 10 wt.%) were obtained, and the experimental data was fitted with a solution of Fick’s second law to quantify the apparent diffusion coefficient (D). The results indicate that the MFC retained lysozyme, presumably due to electrostatic, hydrogen, and ion-dipole interactions, with the largest release of lysozyme—approximately 14%—occurring from the initial amount loaded on the films. As expected, ethanol as a co-solvent slightly decreased the diffusion of lysozyme from the MFC polymer network. The addition of two potential modulating release agents—glycerol and sodium chloride—was also evaluated. Findings from this work suggest that MFC-based films can be considered a suitable candidate for use in controlled-release packaging systems. 1. Introduction Cellulose is one of the most important polysaccharides and abundant biopolymers on earth [1]. It consists of a linear -glucose homopolymer with subunits called cellobiose, -1,4 linked glucose [2]. The cellulose chains are arranged in strands of cellulose microfibrils [3] immersed in a matrix of hemicellulose and lignin. The literature uses several terms to describe MFC: microfibrils [ 4], microfibril aggregates [5], microfibrillar cellulose [6], nanofibrils [7], nanofibers [8], nanofibrillar cellulose [9], and fibril aggregates [10]. According to the conventional nomenclature, in which “nano” refers to particles between 0.001 and 0.1 microns (1–100 nm), MFC can be defined as nano-fibrils with diameters of less than 100 nm, lengths of several micrometers [11,12], and an aspect ratio (length/diameter, L/d) between 100 and 150 [13]. MFC are composed of amorphous and crystalline regions [11] that, together with both large specific surface area and reactive OH groups [12], contribute to its excellent mechanical properties, such as stiffness and tensile strength [14], that have been exploited for various purposes [7]. Applications of MFC include, but are not limited to, reinforcement in nanocomposite materials [15,16], dispersion stabilizers [17], filtration media [18], and oxygen barrier material in food and pharmaceutical products [6]. However, very little research dealing with the development of active materials based on MFC and designed for antimicrobial applications has been conducted [19,20]. The past decade, though, has witnessed a rapid increase in research into the development of active films intended for food packaging applications, particularly alternative methods for controlling both microbial contamination and detrimental oxidation in foods in order to limit, inhibit, or delay the growth of microorganisms and the rate of quality decay [21–23]. Among other bioactive compounds, lysozyme has received great attention in recent years as a natural biopreservative for antimicrobial packaging applications [24,25]. Lysozyme (Fig. 1), classified as a food additive by European Directive 95/2/EC, is an ellipsoidal, globular protein stabilized by disulfide bonds that has a molecular mass of 14 kDa, an isoelectric point of pH 11.1, and a net charge of +9 per molecule at a pH of 5.6 [26]. Lysozyme can be found in many human secretions (tears, saliva, mucus), as well as in egg whites. Its antimicrobial and tensile strength [14], that have been exploited for various purposes [7]. Applications of MFC include, but are not limited to, reinforcement in nanocomposite materials [15,16], dispersion stabilizers [17], filtration media [18], and oxygen barrier material in food and pharmaceutical products [6]. However, very little research dealing with the development of active materials based on MFC and designed for antimicrobial applications has been conducted [19,20]. The past decade, though, has witnessed a rapid increase in research into the development of active films intended for food packaging applications, particularly alternative methods for controlling both microbial contamination and detrimental oxidation in foods in order to limit, inhibit, or delay the growth of microorganisms and the rate of quality decay [21–23]. Among other bioactive compounds, lysozyme has received great attention in recent years as a natural biopreservative for antimicrobial packaging applications [24,25]. Lysozyme (Fig. 1), classified as a food additive by European Directive 95/2/EC, is an ellipsoidal, globular protein stabilized by disulfide bonds that has a molecular mass of 14 kDa, an isoelectric point of pH 11.1, and a net charge of +9 per molecule at a pH of 5.6 [26]. Lysozyme can be found in many human secretions (tears, saliva, mucus), as well as in egg whites. Its antimicrobial |