| دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
| عنوان فارسی مقاله: | مطالعه ابتکارات دولت الکترونیک و فرمانروایی الکترونیکی |
| عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | E-GOVERNANCE AND E-GOVERNMENT: A STUDY OF SOME INITIATIVES |
| دانلود مقاله انگلیسی: | برای دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی با فرمت pdf اینجا کلیک نمائید |
| مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی (PDF) و ترجمه مقاله (Word) | |
| سال انتشار مقاله | 2009 |
| تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 14 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
| تعداد صفحات ترجمه مقاله | 16 صفحه با فرمت ورد |
| رشته های مرتبط | تجارت الکترونیکی، مدیریت دولتی، مدیریت بازرگانی و صنعتی |
| مجله مربوطه | مطالعات تجارت الکترونیک و دولت الکترونیک (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF eBUSINESS AND eGOVERNMENT STUDIES) |
| دانشگاه تهیه کننده | وزارت بازرگانی مدرسه اقتصاد دهلی (Department of Commerce Delhi School of Economics) |
| کلمات کلیدی این مقاله | دولت الکترونیک، حکمرانی الکتروینکی |
بخشی از ترجمه:
دولت هند(GoI) در زمینه ی توسعه ی کشور ها، حکمرانی الکترونیکی را به عنوان فرصتی عالی برای بهبود حکومت مطرح ساخته است. این تغییرات نه تنها می تواند راه بلندی را در بهبود کیفیت زندگی این بخش های جامعه طی کند، بلکه می تواند دسترسی متساوی را به فرصت های اقتصادی نسبت به قبل فراهم سازد. از این رو، این دولت، حکومت الکترونیکی را به عنوان خودرویی در نظر گرفته که باعث راه اندازی و تقویت اصلاحات و بهسازی ها می گردد. مقاله ی فعلی، بر روی روش های ابتکاری دولت الکترونیکی در هند و چین متمرکز است. هدف این مطالعه، یافتن دیدگاه کاربران بر روی سطح رضایتمندی از پروژه ی ثبت نام الکترونیکی در شرکت های هندی میباشد. پرسشنامه هایی در اختیار منشی های شرکت، حسابداران در بخش های تولیدی و سرویس دهی در هند قرار گرفت. به منظور تحلیل داده ها، از آمار و ارقام استنتاجی استفاده شد. تحلیل داده ها حاکی از این بود که سیستم ثبت نام الکترونیکی(یا پر کردن اسناد به صورت الکترونیکی) باید بر روی پارامتر های مختلفی مانند قابلیت اتصال با سرور، فرمت فرم ها و، آسانی در محاوره ی اطلاعات با بیرون و میزان صحت داده ها بهبود یابد. استلزامات این مطالعه، محدودیت ها و جهت گیری های پژوهش های آینده نیز در این مقاله مطرح شده اند.
١.مقدمه
با پیشرفت ICT(اطلاعات، تکنولوژی ارتباطات) ، واژگانی مانند دولت الکترونیک و حکمرانی الکترونیکی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار شده اند. در اصل، این عبارات به صورت مترادف استفاده می شود، اگرچه کاملاٌ متفاوت بوده و دارای مخاطبین متفاوت و اهداف متفاوتی برای رسیدن هستند.
١.١ تعریف دولت الکترونیک و حکمرانی الکترونیکی
بر اساس گزارش جهانی دولت الکترونیک UN، مفهوم دولت الکتروینک غالباٌ شامل وب سایت های دولت بوده که هدف آن، ایجاد یک جامعه ی اطلاعاتی فرد محور و قرار دادن اطلاعات و تکنولوژی های ارتباطی در سرویس توسعه و همچنین حل چالش های جامعه ی اطلاعاتی می باشد
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
Abstract Government of India (GoI) recognizes that e-Governance, in the context of developing countries, provides an excellent opportunity for improving governance. These changes could not only go a long way in improving the quality of life of these sections of society, but could actually provide them more equitable access to economic opportunities than ever before. Hence the Government of India views e-Governance as a vehicle to initiate and sustain reforms. The present work focuses on various e-government initiatives in India and China. This study aims at finding users perception on level of Satisfaction from e-filling Project in Indian companies. Questionnaire is administered on Company Secretaries, Chartered Accountants of various manufacturing and Service Sector companies of India. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used for analyzing data. Data analysis suggested e-filling system need to be strengthened on various parameters like Connectivity with server, Forms format, Ease in communicating information to outsiders, and data Accuracy in India. Implications of the study, limitations and future research directions have also been discussed in this paper. Key Words: E-Government, E-Governance JEL Classification: H11 – Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government 1. INTRODUCTION With the advancement of ICT (Information, Communication Technology), the words like E-government and E-governance have come into prominence. In fact both these terms are used synonymously although they are quite different and have differing audiences to cater to and different objectives to achieve. 1.1 Definition of e-Government and e- Governance The concept of e-government, according to the UN Global E-Government Readiness Report, mainly involves government websites, the goal of which is to build “…a peoplecentred and inclusive information society, putting the potential of information and communication technologies at the service of development and addressing new challenges of the information society” (www.unpan1.un.org). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF eBUSINESS AND eGOVERNMENT STUDIES Vol 1, No 1, 2009 ISSN: 2146-0744 (Online) 2 The primary delivery models are: Government-to-citizen/customer (G2C), Government-toBusiness (G2B), Government-to-Government (G2G), and Government-to-Employees (G2E). e-governance is the public sector’s use of information and communication technologies with the aim of improving information and service delivery, encouraging citizen participation in the decision-making process and making government more accountable, transparent and effective. The scope of e-Governance covers: Electronic Service Delivery (G2C), Delivering information and services electronically to citizens and businesses, Government to Business Transactions (G2B), Delivering information and transacting electronically with businesses, Government procurement and infrastructure projects, Internal Government Administration (G2G, G2E), Improving efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of intradepartmental and inter-department interactions within government, and with government employees, and Foreign Trade (G2X). 1.2 Difference between e-Governance and e-Government There is no major difference between (munshi, 2008) e-governance and e-government. These two terms e-governance and e-government are used interchangeably, still could be defined and differentiated appropriately. To summarise the corresponding characteristics of e-government to e-governance: GOVERNMENT – GOVERNANCE superstructure – functionality decisions – processes rules – goals roles – performance implementation – coordination outputs – outcomes E-GOVERNMENT – E-GOVERNANCE electronic service delivery – electronic consultation electronic workflow – electronic controllership electronic voting – electronic engagement electronic productivity – networked societal guidance 1.3 Components of e-Government It refers to the use by government agencies of information (www.electronicgov.net) technologies (such as wide area networks, internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government, as per World Bank definition. E-Government is expected to allow for less corruption, provides increased transparency, affords greater convenience, improves revenue and reduces costs. Preconditions for e-government are (a) Government in good working order, (b) Functioning governance processes, (c) Availability of resources, (d) Consensus on drivers for eGovernment and (e) Political support & leadership. Government Stakeholders include citizens, businesses, government employees, government ministries, department and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF eBUSINESS AND eGOVERNMENT STUDIES Vol 1, No 1, 2009 ISSN: 2146-0744 (Online) 3 agencies, union leaders, community leaders, politicians and foreign investors. Governments are the societal superstructure for politics, policies, and programs. The components of egovernment are as follows: i) Electronic Service Delivery (Dawes and Prefontaine, 2003) Governments can query, inform, and transact with the public over electronic networks. The expectations were, • Access by a person to all the personal data on that person that is held in government data banks. So far this is limited by security, privacy, and confidentiality concerns. • Access to all government documentation of all kinds by anyone. At present the storage and retrieval costs are prohibitive, and there are also security, privacy, and confidentiality concerns here as well. • Information architecture that permits one-stop-shopping for all information from all governments in a simple thematic directory. There are also cost constraints, and no known technology to integrate, index and search all of this information. ii) Electronic Workflow (Golubchik et al, 2003) There are some user-friendly templates currently designed and deployed throughout government intranets. There has to be the same standardized set for every type of transaction located in every government department and agency. Like “business rules”, there is the potential to develop “administrative rules” that would routinize substantially information processing and decision-making. The larger issues in this area are security, privacy, and confidentiality. iii) Electronic Voting (PUMA, 2002) The system is working well in India. In developed countries, the concerns over security, privacy and confidentiality could be more challenging than with most other electronic interactions. If the suspicion arises that candidates can access the record of electronic voting, voters are unlikely to trust the process enough to agree to use it. The challenge for any proposal to increase electronic voting is to build sufficient public trust in the security of the record of results. iv) Electronic Productivity (OECD, 2003) The rationale for e-government is better operations at lower cost, i.e., productivity. The social need to ensure public health and safety, national security and crime control, economic prosperity and environmental sustainability, will all guarantee the presence of governments and their active involvement in our lives, whether visibly or “behind the scenes”. Efficiency of the expenditures has to be the target. 1.4 Components of e-Governance E-Governance involves making and implementing decisions, proper Leadership, putting in place Organizational arrangements, ensuring Resources and funding, establishing Accountability and measuring success. The infrastructure requirements include, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF eBUSINESS AND eGOVERNMENT STUDIES Vol 1, No 1, 2009 ISSN: 2146-0744 (Online) 4 Telecommunications network, internal agency systems, Cross- Government systems, Service delivery network – access points, Internet access and skilled staff. The expected outcomes are Better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, Citizen Empowerment through access to information and more efficient government management. The accruable benefits are increased transparency, Greater convenience, reduced corruption, Revenue growth and reduced cost of running government. Governance is the societal synthesis of politics, policies, and programs. The components are as follows: i) Electronic Engagement (OECD, 2003) The possibilities for the public to engage in the policy process via electronic networks range all the way from sending elected officials e-mail to creating a distinct conferencing facility (e-mail box, document repository, chat room, etc.) for each major policy initiative (whether a new policy, or changes in an existing policy).
| دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
| عنوان فارسی مقاله: | مطالعه ابتکارات دولت الکترونیک و فرمانروایی الکترونیکی |
| عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | E-GOVERNANCE AND E-GOVERNMENT: A STUDY OF SOME INITIATIVES |
