دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی پارامتر های سفتی و مقاومت برای مدل خاک سخت شونده رس های نرم و سفت بانکوک به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | پارامتر های سفتی و مقاومت برای مدل خاک سخت شونده رس های نرم و سفت بانکوک |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Stiffness and strength parameters for hardening soil model of soft and stiff Bangkok clays |
رشته های مرتبط: | مهندسی عمران، خاک و پی، سازه و مدیریت ساخت |
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کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله خوب میباشد |
توضیحات | ترجمه این مقاله به صورت خلاصه انجام شده است. |
نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f315 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1-مقدمه 2-شرایط خاک تحتانی بانکوک |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1. Introduction Bangkok subsoils are one of the most well-known sedimentary soils and have been studied extensively in the past by many research students at the Asian Institute of Technology under the supervision of the fourth author (see Chaudhry, 1975; Li, 1975; Hwang, 1975; Ahmed, 1976; Hassan, 1976; Kim, 1990; Gurung, 1992). The experimental work was on isotropically and anisotropically consolidated triaxial tests both in compression and in extension. The results were primarily used to verify the critical state theories as developed for normally and overconsolidated clays (Balasubramaniam and Chaudhry, 1978; Balasubramaniam et al., 1978, 1992; Balasubramaniam and Hwang, 1980). Additionally, full scale field tests on embankments and excavations were modelled using CRISP finite element programme. Subsequently user friendly computer software such as PLAXIS was found to be more versatile for using in practice than the CRISP. In a doctoral thesis by Surarak (2010), soil models used in PLAXIS such as the Mohr– Coulomb Model, the Hardening Soil Model, and the Hardening Soil Model with Small Strain Behaviour were studied in great detail to have better knowledge on their practical applications such as in the design and performance of deep excavations and tunnelling works in Bangkok MRT project. This paper presents only the work on stiffness and strength parameters for the Hardening Soil Model. 2. Bangkok sub-soil conditions Bangkok is situated on the flood plain and delta of the Chao Phraya River, which traverses the Lower Central Plain of Thailand (Fig. 1). The Quaternary deposits of the Lower Central Plain represent a complex sequence of alluvial, fluvial and deltaic sediments. The Quaternary stratigraphy consists of eight aquifers: Bangkok (BK), Phrapadang (PD), Nakornluang (NL), Nonthaburi (NB), Sam Khok (SK), Phaya Thai (PT), Thonburi (TB) and Pak Nam (PN) aquifers. They are separated from each other by thick layers of clay or sandy clay. The depth of the bedrock is still undetermined, but its level in the Bangkok area is known to vary between 400 m to 1,800 m depth. Deep well pumping from the aquifers over the last fifty years or so has caused substantial piezometric draw down in the upper soft and highly compressible clay layer (Fig. 2). Detailed analyses on the effects of Bangkok land subsidence, induced by deep-well pumping on geo-hazard (flooding), and the ground improvement scheme, are recently reported by Shibuya et al. (2003) and Balasubramaniam et al. (2005). Based on extensive field and laboratory studies carried out in the past by numerous researchers (see Brand and Balasubramaniam, 1976; AIT, 1981; Shibuya et al., 2003; Balasubramaniam et al., 2009) the following (1) Weathered Crust (WC) and Backfill—The uppermost layer is the fill material (very loose to medium dense silty sand) and weathered crust (medium to stiff silty clay), which is light to yellowish grey in colour. The average thickness is about 2–5 m in most areas, with the SPT N-value ranging from 2 to 21. The water content is 10–35%. The groundwater table is found to be within this layer. |