دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی ارزیابی میزان مقاومت بتون در ساختمان های موجود با استفاده از یک روش جامع محدود به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | ارزیابی میزان مقاومت بتون در ساختمان های موجود با استفاده از یک روش جامع محدود |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Assessment of the concrete strength in existing buildings using a finite population approach |
رشته های مرتبط: | مهندسی عمران، سازه، ساختمان های بتنی، مدیریت ساخت |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f234 |
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Abstract A framework is defined to evaluate the concrete compressive strength in existing buildings and control the uncertainty associated to the survey planning and to the concrete strength randomness. The framework proposes the discretization and disaggregation of the concrete strength in a building into finite populations of elements. Finite population statistics are used to correlate the number of tests performed in each population with the uncertainty about the mean and the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the concrete strength. A method to estimate the CoV of the concrete strength using the CoV of rebound hammer test results is also proposed to overcome the need for a high number of destructive tests. Results show that the proposed approach effectively controls the uncertainty in the estimate of the variability of the concrete strength in a population as well as the uncertainty in the estimate of the mean value of the concrete strength. 1. Introduction In the safety assessment of existing buildings, quantifying the ‘‘as-built” material properties is of the utmost importance due to the impact that it has on the subsequent application of safety assessment methods. In the case of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, the concrete compressive strength is a material property that requires careful consideration [1] due to its inherent variability. This fact leads to the usual consideration of the concrete strength as being a random variable that has a certain (unknown) level of aleatory uncertainty [2]. This aleatory uncertainty is related to the inherent variability of the hardened concrete strength in existing structures [3] which can reach large values [4,5], often exceeding a coefficient of variation (CoV) of 20% [6]. Among other factors, this variability is associated with mix, casting and curing operations, which require a significant level of workmanship. Several studies (e.g. see [3,7,8]) have analyzed the impact of workmanship on the strength of hardened concrete and found that it can induce several types of variability depending on the structural system being analyzed. Primarily, expected variations can be associated to batch-to-batch variability, involving the randomness related mainly with the construction management and planning and with quality control. Likewise, member-to-member variability can occur due to the influence of workmanship in casting operations. Variations of the concrete strength can also be expected within each structural member due to the previously mentioned factors. Moreover, a recent study [9] also described cracking, damage and the selection of the testing positions within the length of a structural element as sources of potential variability. In addition to the aleatory uncertainty associated with the concrete strength, epistemic uncertainty will also be generated due to the lack of knowledge associated with non-surveyed structural elements. Since survey plans only comprise tests on a few structural members in order to minimize the damage and the cost of inspection operations, the selection of a given set of elements to be tested instead of another will generate uncertainty. This uncertainty is even more important due to the low number of material tests that are generally carried out in existing buildings, a trend partially supported by existing norms (e.g. [10–13]). Often, standards regulating the assessment of existing buildings require a limited number of tests/inspections to be performed at each storey and for each type of primary component that is part of the building in order to obtain estimates of the mean values of the material properties. Nonetheless, as referred in [14], current building codes do not address the uncertainty level in the survey results and neglect the impact that sampling may have on the estimate of the dispersion of concrete strength (specifically on the estimate of the CoV) and on the corresponding estimate of the mean value. Therefore, controlling the epistemic uncertainty about the CoV of the concrete strength is a key component of a survey framework since it will affect the variability of the estimate (i.e. its precision), especially when it is based on a reduced number of tests. Moreover, this uncertainty is also seen to depend on the relation between the number of structural elements that are not tested during survey operations and the total number of structural elements of the population. To control the extent of this uncertainty in survey operations and its impact on the estimate of the mean value of the concrete compressive strength in existing buildings, a method based on finite population statistics is proposed herein. The proposed approach will enable to effectively control the uncertainty in the estimates of the variability and of the mean value of the concrete strength in a population to improve their reliability. By accounting for the number of structural elements that are not tested during survey operations, the proposed method overcomes limitations of current standard methods and enables the development of more consistent survey frameworks to assess concrete strength in existing buildings. |