دانلود ترجمه مقاله بهبود پروسه اصلی برای بهره وری انرژی در کارخانه تولید خمیر کرافت – مجله الزویر

• فهرست مطالب:

 چکیده
۱ مقدمه
۲ مفهوم
۳ روش
۳ ۱ جمع آوری داده
۳ ۲ دیاگرام مستر
۳ ۳ تحلیل سیستم ها
۳ ۴ شبیه سازی کامپیوتری
۴ مطالعه موردی
۴ ۱ جمع آوری داده ها
۴ ۲ دیاگرام مستر
۴ ۳ تحلیل سیستم
۴ ۳ ۱ سیستم بخار
۴ ۳ ۲ سیستم آب
۴ ۴ شبیه سازی کامپیوتر
۴ ۴ ۱ ساده سازی ها و سطوح مورد نیاز جزییات
۴ ۴ ۲ تعیین مشخصات داده ها
۴ ۴ ۲ راهبرد شبیه سازی
۴ ۴ ۴ اعتبار سنجی شبیه سازی
۵ نتیجه گیری

• بخشی از ترجمه:

روش ارایه شده در این جا، مکمل یک رویکرد ساختارمند را برای توسعه مورد پایه در مطالعات کارایی مصرف انرژی است. روش سیستماتیک، به تعریف و تعیین مورد پایه از دیدگاه آب و انرژی می پردازد.
این روش، مراحل مورد نیاز برای توسعه و تحلیل سیستم های آب و بخاری را تلفیق می کند که پایه و اساس تحلیل های دقیق بیشتر هستند. مدل شبیه سازی آب- انرژی اطلاعات مفیدی را در مورد کارایی مصرف کل انرژی در اختیار می گذارد.
شرایط ظاهری فرایند ها به خوبی اثبات شده است. منابع اطلاعات شامل داده های اندازه گیری شده و PID ها می باشند. ساخت نمودار مستر بر اساس PID ها، روشی جدید برای شناسایی کاربران اب و بخار است. نرمال سازی داده ها ابزاری برای غلبه بر کمبود داده های اندازه گیری شده در سیستم آب است. امکان شناسایی روش ها و عملیات موثر بر کارایی مصرف انرژی نظیر موارد زیر وجود دارد: نقاط ترکیب غیر هم دما، کارایی مصرف کم دیگ ها، استفاده از سوخت فسیلی، عدم تولید هم زمان و مصرف مجدد آب. همه عملیات واحد به صورت مصرف کننده های آب و بخار شبیه سازی شدند. خصوصیت کلیدی این است که سطح جزییات برای شبیه سازی بخش های فراوری بر اساس مصرف آب و بخار تغییر می کند.

• بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

Introduction The analysis of the operation of the Kraft process has been the subject of a number of recent studies. Klugman et al. (2007) performed an energy audit in an operating mill with three process lines of different construction period. The audit consisted of identifying all energy and electricity consumers and of comparing the results between the three lines. Energy outputs such as effluents, power generated, steam venting, district heating are also quantified. A detailed description of several elements required for an energy study is shown by Browne (1999). These elements include the identification of steam consumers, efficiency of the equipment, overview of pinch analysis and process simulation, control strategies, and power house operation. Turner (1994) shows several elements required to perform a water audit. These elements include the identification of water consumers, effluents producers, effi- ciency of the equipment, and reutilization strategies. In these works, some of the aspects required in the development of a base-case process and evaluation of the energy efficiency are highlighted. However, they consider water and energy independently and fail to cast light on the interactions between the different sections of the process and between the steam and water systems. In addition, they do not present a structured approach for the base-case development and for the evaluation of the different elements to be considered in an energy and water study. Several noteworthy studies have come from Scandinavia. Axelsson and Berntsson (2005) performed a pinch analysis in a state of the art-mill. Axelsson et al. (2006) described two typical Scandinavian mills that vary by the level of water utilization with the objective of identifying opportunities for heat integration. These models have also been used to study the implementation of new evaporation technologies and process integration measures (Wising, 2003; Bengtsson, 2004). However, the methodology used for the development of these models is not presented. In addition, the analysis focuses only on the energy aspects of the process without analyzing options for water reutilization and the interactions between the steam and water systems. The development of a representative, reliable and focused model of an operating process is a prerequisite to the optimization and fine tuning of its energy performance. This model, referred to as base case process, should represent the actual process in its current configuration and operating conditions. It should be able to support a rigorous and detailed analysis leading to alternative, energy enhanced process designs that can be implemented in confidence. It should not contain unnecessary details which could hinder its utilization without improving the usefulness of the results produced. This critical and preliminary task is not always given the importance it deserves even though it is the foundation of all process analyses that may be later undertaken. Guidelines and targets that identify process inefficiencies and areas of most likely gains should be formulated at the earliest stage of a retrofit project in order to channel efforts and ensure success of the development, assessment and selection of energy enhancement options. This task is referred to as benchmarking. A thorough and careful benchmarking analysis will later reduce the deployment of resources and commitment of expenditures. A systematic stepwise method to construct a base case model that meets those criteria and to execute effectively the process benchmarking step has been developed and applied to a Kraft pulping mill in operation. The definition and characterization of the base case are presented in Part I of this paper, the benchmarking analysis in Part II. The anticipated sequence of this work, i.e., the identification of potential energy saving measures, their technical and economic evaluation and the formulation of an implementation strategy has now been completed and presented by (Mateos-Espejel et al., 2010b). The analysis has been based on a novel method which takes into account the interactions and synergies of all systems that impact upon the energy profile of the optimized process (Mateos-Espejel et al., 2010a,b). Improving energy efficiency in chemical processes has become an important issue in times of volatile and increasing energy prices.