دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله طراحی آماده سازی غیر تهاجمی برای مانیتورینگ زیستی راننده خودرو (نشریه الزویر 2012)

طراحی آماده سازی غیر تهاجمی برای مانیتورینگ زیستی راننده خودرو

Design of non-invasive setup for car driver biomonitoring

Abstract

The design of the car driver monitoring system is presented with a novel IDAT microsensor applied. We have developed new thin film multipurpose microsensors (IDAT) consisting of an impedance sensor based on the interdigital array of microelectrodes which is integrated together with temperature resistive sensor on single chip. The developed microsensor allows monitoring of psychogalvanic reflex, heart pulse and skin temperature using depth impedance analysis of different skin layers by choosing the appropriate size of microelectrodes.

1 Introduction

The need for miniaturization of biomedical sensors has pushed the importance of microsystem technology and their application in medical devices, particularly microelectronics and micromachining. However the successful development of high integrated and miniaturized electronic instrumentation and sensors still needs to overcome large dimensions of mezo-micro-nano structures. Thin films serve as both: the source of new compound materials (particularly in optoelectronics) as well as well-defined and reproducible micro-/nano- interfaces between sensing, recognition and bio-chemical-physical-electrical transductions of signals in sensors.

We are interested in biomonitoring of human cognitive processes and psychophysiological conditions of car drivers in order to enhance road safety. Safety in traffic depends on a number of factors. One decisive aspect is how to keep fit the driver. Actually, an often used method is the evaluation of abnormal car driver actions (sudden changes of direction with no direction indicators or hard cornering). Main disadvantage of such a system is that they offer no prediction. More effective are systems with considered prediction, which offer enough reaction time before undesirable situations, and so they can minimize human error factors and improve road-traffic safety [1]. There are studies [2] about smart steering wheel which constantly checks the driver’s vital signs such as heart rate, skin conductance and oxygen saturation in the blood. The vision is to detect the moment, when the driver is no longer well and consequently to initiate appropriate means of protection. Another team is developing a car seat that monitors the driver’s heart activity [3]. The car seat uses electrocardiograph technology to track the electrical impulses and spot irregularities such as signs of heart attack or some other cardiovascular problem. The heart monitor car seat will also detect symptoms of other conditions, such as high blood pressure or electrolyte imbalances.

Our design of non-invasive setup for car drive biomonitoring is combination from various mentioned systems and is capable to sense psycho-galvanic reflex (PGR) – skin conductivity changes, heart rate + ECG, body temperature and respiration frequency. To improve the reliability of our measurements, these parameters are monitored by duplicate methods by local microsystems technologies and additional macro sensors. Microelectrodes offers higher signal stability with shorter response times, which can save live, contrariwise macroelectrodes offers more stabile contact to skin. Suitable system must be therefore built with combined macro/micro sensors. We implemented our system to the virtual reality driving simulator.