دانلود رایگان ترجمه مقاله مکانیزم درایو چرخ دنده برای زمانبندی متغیر مداوم دریچه موتورهای IC (نشریه Scirp 2013)

مکانیزم درایو چرخ دنده برای زمانبندی متغیر مداوم دریچه موتورهای IC

Gear Drive Mechanism for Continuous Variable Valve Timing of IC Engines

Abstract

Continuous variable valve actuating (CVVA) technology provides high potential in achieving high performance, low fuel consumption and pollutant reduction. To get full benefits from (CVVT) various types of mechanisms have been proposed and designed. Some of these mechanisms are in production and have shown significant benefits in improving engine performance. In this investigation a newly designed gear drive mechanism that controls the intake valve opening (IVO) and closing (IVC) angles is studied. The control scheme is based on maximizing the engine brake power (P) and specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at any engine speed by continuously varying the phase between the cam shaft angle and the crank shaft angle. A single-cylinder engine is simulated by the “LOTUS” software to find out the optimum phase angle for maximum power and minimum fuel consumption at a given engine speed. The mechanism is a planetary gear drive designed for precise and continuous control. This mechanism has a simple design and operation conditions which can change the phase angle without limitation.

۱ Introduction

In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT), also known as variable valve actuation (VVA), is a generalized term used to describe any mechanism or method that can alter the shape or timing of a valve lift event within an internal combustion engine [1-6]. The (VVT) system allows the lift, duration or timing (in various combinations) of the intake and/or exhaust valves to be changed while the engine is in operation, which have a significant impact on engine performance and emissions. In a standard engine, the valve events are fixed, so performance at different loads and speeds is always a compromise between drivability (power and torque), fuel economy and emissions. An engine equipped with a variable valve actuation system is freed from this constraint, allowing performance to be improved over the engine operating range [7-10].

Some types of variable valve control systems optimize power and torque by varying valve opening times and/or duration. Some of these valve control systems optimize performance at low and mid-range engine speeds. Others focus on enhancing only high-rpm power. Other systems provide both of these benefits by controlling valve timing and lift. There are many ways in which this can be achieved, ranging from mechanical devices to hydraulic, pneumatic and camless systems [11-14]. Hydraulic system suffer from many problems including viscosity change of the hydraulic medium due to the temperature change, the liquid tends to act like a solid at high speed, and hydraulic systems must be carefully controlled, which require the use of powerful computers and very precise sensors. Pneumatic system utilizing pneumatics to drive the engine valves would in all probability not be feasible because of their complexity and the very large amount of energy required for compressing the air. Camless system (or, free valve engine) uses electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuators to open the poppet valves instead. Common problems include high power consumption, accuracy at high speed, temperature sensitivity, weight and packaging issues, high noise, high cost, and unsafe operation in case of electrical problems. Multiair system (or Uniair) is an electro-hydraulic variable valve actuation technology controlling air intake (without a throttle valve) in petrol or diesel engines. The system allows optimum intake valve opening schedules, which gives full control over valve lift and timing.