دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی روابط بین گروهی و همسایگی های شهری: اهمیت هویت مکانی به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله: | روابط بین گروهی و همسایگی های شهری: اهمیت هویت مکانی |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: | Urban neighbourhoods and intergroup relations: The importance of place identity |
رشته های مرتبط: | علوم اجتماعی و روانشناسی، روانشناسی عمومی، روانشناسی شناخت، جامعه شناسی، پژوهشگری اجتماعی |
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نشریه | الزویر – Elsevier |
کد محصول | f286 |
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بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: هدف از این مطالعه آوردن مفهوم هویت مکانی به زمینه ی روابط بین گروهی در مکان های شهری با استفاده از ابزار هویت مکانی است. مطالعه ی میدانی در چهار محله مجاور شهر لیسبون برای بررسی تاثیر هویت مکانی بر درک همسایه ی شریک خود و ساکنانش و (داخل گروه) و دیگر همسایه ها و ساکنانشان (بیرون از گروه) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که هویت مکانی به شدت به رضایت همسایه، تفکیک برون گروهی مربوطه، طرفداری داخل گروهیو تنزل برون گروهی مربوطه بستگی دارد. همچنین نتایج تعیین هویت سه مدل ارتباط احتمالی بین گروه ها را ممکن ساخت؛ برون گروهی مربوطه برای مقایسه، گروه مرجع ایده ال برای تخمین، و یک گروه تنزل یافته برای اجتناب. علاوه براین، در این مطالعه ما پیش بینی های SIA را برای درک و فهم تخمین الگوهای تحریفی مسافت ویژه گسترش دادیم. |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: Abstract The aim of this paper is to bring the concept of place identity into the context of intergroup relationships in urban place, using the social identity approach. A field study was conducted in four adjacent neighbourhoods in the city of Lisbon, in order to explore the influence of place identity on the perception of the participants’ own neighbourhood and its residents (in-group) and of the other neighbourhoods and their residents (out-groups). The results showed that place identity was highly correlated with neighbourhood satisfaction, relevant out-group differentiation, and favouritism to the in-group and depreciation of the relevant out-group. The results also enabled the identification of three types of possible relationships between the groups: a relevant out-group for comparison, an idealized reference group for approximation, and a devaluated group for avoidance. Moreover, in this study, we extend the predictions of SIA to the comprehension of specific distance estimation distortion patterns. 1. Introduction Since the 1960s, the importance of the spaces where we live for the identity of the subject has been recognized. First, the study by Fried (1963) regarding forced relocation in the city of Boston, and some years later the introduction of the concept of place identity by Proshansky and colleagues (Proshansky, Fabian, & Kaminoff, 1983), emphasized the idea that self-identity not only was based on individual, interpersonal and social processes but also included physical environments, making place a fundamental component of personal identity.1 Introduction of the Place Identity concept, despite the controversy concerning its conceptualization and operationalization (e.g., Dixon & Durrheim, 2004; Twigger-Ross, Bonaiuto, & Breakwell, 2003), led to a proliferation of research over the last decades. However, the concept of place identity from Proshansky and colleagues’ point of view, as well as for most of the authors who have used the concept until now, was centred on an individualistic perspective, thus neglecting the social nature of the relations between individuals, identities and place (Bernardo & Palma-Oliveira, 2012; Dixon & Durrheim, 2000). We define, place identity, as a component of personal and social identity, a “process by which, through interaction with places, people describe themselves in terms of belonging to a specific place” (Hernandez, Hidalgo, Salazar-Laplace & Hess, 2007). Following the tradition of Canter (1977) and Stokols (1981) place is conceptualized as an interchangeable relationship between the physical-spacial and humansocial characteristics of space. In this sense, place identity cannot not be understood without including both components (Proshansky et al., 1983). Thus, place identity can be grasped from its multiple components (spatial-physical and social issues) and the multi-place nature of individual and social place experience (individual and social meanings, feelings and experiences) (Clayton et al., 2015; Manzo & DevineeWright, 2013). A third aspect that will be addressed later, is the multi-scale of places (e.g., Bonaiuto & Alves, 2012; Bonaiuto, Bonnes, & Continisio, 2004; Hernandez et al., 2007). With the study presented here, we intended to bring the concept of place identity into the context of intergroup relationships, by conceptualizing the urban space as for intergroup relations, based on the subject’s sense of belonging to physical spaces (which always included both the physical characteristics of the place and the people who live or use these spaces). In this sense, place identity can also be understood as a particular case of social identity, consisting of aspects of self-identity based on belonging to geographically defined groups, and with which the subjects are identified. Although we did not find a systematic study of the principles and strategies of the social identity approach in relation to places in the literature, some authors claimed that these principles and strategies “look similar to those operating in the case of social identification with a social category or group” (Twigger-Ross et al., 2003, p. 225). In fact, comprehension of place identity in the context of social identity theory is not original. In recent years, some authors have used SIT and SCT to understand the relation between place and the physical environment in a more explicit (e.g., Bonaiuto, Breakwell, & Cano, 1996; Ufkes, Otten, Van der Zee, Giebels, & Dovidio, 2012; Valera & Pol, 1994; Valera & Guardia, 2002) or more implicit manner (e.g., Hernandez et al., 2007; Lewicka, 2008). Thus, we may assume that identification with a place may be understood through the principles defined by Social Identity Theory, SIT (Tajfel, 1978, 1981; Tajfel & Turner, 1979), SelfCategorization Theory (SCT) (Turner, 1985) and their subsequent developments. This research aims to use the SI Approach2 to understand neighbourhoods’ relations in the urban context and thus contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between place identity and social identity. The aim of this research is to conduct an in-depth study of a particular region to understand the dynamics of their place identity and to contribute to a better understanding of intergroup relations in an urban context. |