دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی + خرید ترجمه فارسی | |
عنوان فارسی مقاله: |
ارزیابی پایداری ساختمان در سراسر تصمیم گیری چند معیاری |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: |
Building Sustainability Assessment throughout Multicriteria Decision Making |
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مشخصات مقاله انگلیسی (PDF) | |
سال انتشار | 2013 |
تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی | 10 صفحه با فرمت pdf |
رشته های مرتبط با این مقاله | معماری |
گرایش های مرتبط با این مقاله | معماری پایدار و مدیریت پروژه و ساخت |
چاپ شده در مجله (ژورنال) | مجله مهندسی ساخت و ساز – Journal of Construction Engineering |
ارائه شده از دانشگاه | دانشگاه فلومانمینگ، برزیل |
رفرنس | دارد ✓ |
کد محصول | F964 |
نشریه | هینداوی – Hindawi |
مشخصات و وضعیت ترجمه فارسی این مقاله (Word) | |
وضعیت ترجمه | انجام شده و آماده دانلود |
تعداد صفحات ترجمه تایپ شده با فرمت ورد با قابلیت ویرایش | 17 صفحه با فونت 14 B Nazanin |
ترجمه عناوین تصاویر و جداول | ترجمه شده است ✓ |
ترجمه متون داخل تصاویر | ترجمه نشده است ☓ |
ترجمه متون داخل جداول | یک جدول ترجمه شده است ✓ |
درج تصاویر در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
درج جداول در فایل ترجمه | درج شده است ✓ |
منابع داخل متن | به صورت عدد درج شده است ✓ |
کیفیت ترجمه | کیفیت ترجمه این مقاله متوسط میباشد |
فهرست مطالب |
1. مقدمه
2. ارزیابی ایمنی ساختمان
3. تصمیم گیری
4. مدل AHP
5. توسعه پژوهش
6. تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج
7. نتیجه گیری
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بخشی از ترجمه |
1. مقدمه 2. ارزیابی ایمنی ساختمان |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی |
1. Introduction The term sustainable development has the meaning “emphasis on quality of life,” thus enabling people to live in a healthy environment while incorporating continuous improvement of social conditions and economic and environmental issues for the present and future generations [1]. A result of this awareness is that society is considering the construction sector to be a major source of impacts on the environment. This view takes into account the perceived excessive consumption of resources and generation of pollution during the phases of construction and use [2]. Occupancy consumes 80% of the energy expected to be used throughout the life cycle of a building. Occupancy represents the primary target for actions aimed at energy efficiency to reduce adverse impacts on the environment, human health, and economy [3]. It should be noted that while buildings are large contributors to environmental degradation they are important for the sustainability of business and quality of life, as city dwellers spend 80% to 90% of their time indoors [3, 4]. At this point, it is important to note that green buildings provide certain outcomes when subjected to specific requirements. These include minimization of disturbances of the ecosystem and other improvements throughout the life cycle as well as optimization of efficiency of resource management and operational performance leading to minimization of risks to human health and the environment [5]. The green building promotes the improvement of the local, regional, and global ecosystem during construction and throughout use and optimizes the efficiency of resource management and operational performance while minimizing risks to human health and the environment [5, 6]. This focus on reducing environmental impact creates the need for a tool to enable monitoring outcomes of environmental performance. Such a tool must incorporate a set of verifiable criteria and goals to enable the owners and designers to align themselves with high environmental standards [2, 6]. It is worth emphasizing that this endeavor should avoid mere importation of existing methods based on success achieved in developed countries. The reason for this is that the central issue in developing countries is to bypass the environmental assessment for assessing the sustainability of buildings. This approach also fails to address the social and economic aspects related to production, operation, and modification of the built environment [7]. The challenge addressed in this paper lies beyond adoption of successful formulas. It is necessary to adapt them to the culture of the country or the importing company [7, 8]. This technology transfer is more likely to be successful when proposed as an active and adapted process. This requires participation of knowledgeable personnel in the government and the construction sector [8]. The importance of the construction sector to the economy of Brazil combined with the search for more efficient buildings highlights the priority in building research to develop the means to evaluate the sustainability of new and existing buildings. The central problem addressed in this paper is to create a method for assessing the sustainability of existing buildings customized for use in Rio de Janeiro. The inputs to be considered include the criteria and subcriteria and the families of indicators and their corresponding relative levels of importance. 2. Assessment of Sustainability of Buildings In 1990, the Building Research Establishment (BRE) in the United Kingdom (UK) developed the first functional method for assessing the environmental performance of buildings. The method was named Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) [6, 7]. This method contained prescriptive requirements that focused on the interior of the building, its immediate surroundings, and the environment [7]. Since then, many tens of methods were developed and are in use throughout the world. There are basically two approaches for the analysis of environmental performance by buildings [6, 7]. The first and most widely used approach builds awards points within a selected number of parameters, so called indicators, according to a scale ranging from a environmental “small impact” to a “huge impact” [9]. These indicators have weights, explicit or not, that recognize the main environmental problems [7, 9–11]. The second model utilizes methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), to indicate the best choice of design, materials of construction, and options for local utilities. Local utilities include energy supply, waste management, and types of transport [9]. Table 1 shows the weights used for the main categories of evaluation in the most important rating systems used to assess green buildings, namely, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Technological Research Institute of Sao Paulo (IPT), Building Research Establish- ˜ ment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Comprehensive Assessment system for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE), and Sustainable Building Assessment Tool (SBTool) [12–17]. |