دانلود مقاله ترجمه شده مشخصات نگرانی در اختلال اضطراب ژنرالیزه – مجله الزویر

فهرست مطالب:

 ۱ مقدمه
۲ روش
۲ ۱ شرکت کنندگان
۲ ۲ مواد
۲ ۲ ۱ پرسش نامه اختلال اضطراب ژنرالیزه(فراگیر)(GAD Q IV)
۲ ۲ ۲ پرسش نامه اضطراب پن استات(PSWQ)
۲ ۲ ۳ نسخه صفت انوانتوری اضطراب حالت صفت(STAI T: Spielberger et al., 1983)
۲ ۲ ۴ انوانتوری افسردگی(BDI:Beck & Steer, 1987)
۲ ۲ ۵ پرسش نامه کنترل توجه (ACQ:Derryberry & Reed, 2002)
۲ ۲ ۶ فرم کوتاه پرسش نامه قطب های اضطراب(WDQ: Stöber & Joormann, 2001)
۲ ۲ ۷ پرسش نامه فرا شناختی(Meta Cognitions Questionnaire 30) (MCQ:Wells &
Cartwright Hatton, 2004)
۲ ۲ ۸ مصاحبه بالینی ساختاری برای اختلالات ((DSM IV Axis I((SCID I
۲ ۳ تکلیف اضطراب
۲ ۴ روش
۳ نتایج
۳ ۱ خصوصیات ژنرالیزه(فراگیر)
۳ ۲ تکلیف اضطراب
۳ ۳ اندازه گیری های پرسش نامه ای مرتبط با اضطراب
۳ ۳ ۱ ACQ
۳ ۳ ۲ WDQ
MCQ 3 3 3
۳ ۴ پرسش نامه های عاطفی
۴ بحث
۴ ۱ اختلاف بین افراد مضطرب دارای و بدون GAD
۴ ۲ اختلافات بین گروه های GAD مربوط به درمان
۴ ۳ تفاوت های بین مراجعه کنندگان با اختلال پانیک و GAD
۴ ۴ محدودیت ها
۵ نتیجه گیری

بخشی از ترجمه:

به طور خلاصه، مطالعه حاضر شواهد ی را نشان می دهد که موید ویژگی ها و ابزار شاخص های تشخیص GAD برای افراد سالم و بیمار مختلف و تفکیک افراد دارای GAD از افراد با اضطراب و نگرانی بالا و افراد مبتلا به اختلال ترس می باشد. ، همچنین عوامل دیگر افتراق درمان در افراد دارای GAD از نمونه جامعه با توجه به معیارهای مختلف به منظور کمک به تشخیص افتراقی GAD یا اختلال هراس استفاده شدند/ هم چنین انتظار می رود با توجه به اینکه معیار تشخیصی GAD در نگرانی بیش از حد در مورد طیف وسیعی از موضوعات صدق می کند . با این حال ، تعدادی از افکار منفی در اضطراب و نگرانی ، به طور مستقل مورد بررسی قرار کرفته و ، به طور قابل توجهی بین این ها و گروه بالینی تفاوت وجود داشت.. اگر چه تحقیقات آینده برای بررسی تعمیم این کار نگرانی به زندگی روزمره مورد نیاز است یافته ، suchfind نشان می دهد که ، در مقایسه با اختلال هراس ، افراد با GAD نگرانی بیشتر در مورد عدم توانایی خود برای کنترل نگرانی و اثرات درک منفی (به عنوان مثال ، در مورد اضطراب نگران باشید؛ ولز ، ۱۹۹۵) ، و نه از وجود تفاوت در فرکانس واقعی یا منفی از تشویش مربوط به نگرانی دارند.
تفاوت های قابل ملاحظه ای میان بافراد با نگرانی و اضطراب بالا و افراد با GAD وجود دارد که موید این فرض است که افراد GAD تجربه بیش از حد واقعی افکار غیر قابل کنترل توده های نفوذی با محتوای منفی ،فراتر از تجربه درک شده توسط یک گروه با نگرانی و تشویش بالا دارند. این با بسیاری از مطالعات دیگر هم خوانی دارد که همان گرایش بالا به نگرانی و اضطراب است.

بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:

. Introduction Worry is characterised by the repeated experience of thoughts about potential negative events, and reported proneness to worry varies continuously across the normal population (Ruscio, Borkovec, & Ruscio, 2001). Chronic, excessive and uncontrollable worry about multiple topics is the main defining feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition: DSM IV; American Psychological Association, 1994), often causing severe incapacity. In addition to excessive and uncontrollable worry, a diagnosis of GAD requires endorsement of at least three other associated symptoms (e.g., concentration problems, sleep difficulties, fatigue). However, given that excessive, uncontrollable worry is the central requirement for a diagnosis of GAD, it was the focus of the current study. Ruscio et al. (2001) reported that worry propensity lies on a normal continuum. Individuals with GAD are characterised by the presence of severe and uncontrollable worry. Some excessive worriers without GAD also report other associated symptoms although (necessarily) not in sufficient number to meet diagnostic criteria (Ruscio, 2002). Whether or not an individual experiencing high levels of worry also meets diagnostic criteria for GAD thus depends on multiple criteria that include the presence of somatic as well as cognitive symptoms. When multiple criteria must all be met to achieve a categorical distinction, it is not clear which among them are essential, or even useful, in distinguishing between diagnosed and non-diagnosed groups. The main aim of the present study was to test hypotheses derived from the worry-related criteria currently used to diagnose GAD, by assessing the extent to which they actually distinguish individuals with this diagnosis from a non-clinical group with similarly high levels of worry, or another anxiety disorder in which worry is not thought to be central, such as Panic Disorder. Failures to find predicted differences would have potentially important implications for the clinical or theoretical usefulness of the assumed central criteria. Furthermore, other differences emerging could inform attempts to formulate a comprehensive model of GAD and the development of more effective treatments. Summarized below are the main issues and questions to be addressed in the present study. (1) Range of worry topics. Although frequent worry about multiple topics is the central requirement for diagnosing GAD, it does not necessarily follow that the number of topics worried about actually distinguishes high worriers meeting diagnostic criteria for GAD from high worriers who do not meet all the required criteria; nor that frequency of worry distinguishes those with GAD from those with other anxiety disorders not defined in terms of the worry about many topics. We therefore explicitly tested the previously unexamined hypothesis that the range of worry topics would be greater in a group meeting diagnostic criteria for GAD than a matched high worry group not meeting these criteria or clients with Panic Disorder. (2) Perceived and actual control. Similarly, the fact that reported lack of perceived control over worry is required for diagnosing GAD does not necessarily mean that non-GAD high worriers actually have any greater control over worry than do those with GAD. Consequently, a further hypothesis tested in the current study was that those with GAD would be less able to prevent worrisome thoughts intruding when attempting to focus their attention elsewhere, and possibly also have a more general inability to control attention, based on a self-report questionnaire designed to assess ability to control attention across a range of everyday activities. (3) Beliefs about worry. Inappropriate beliefs about either the positive benefits or the negative consequences of excessive worry are not part of the diagnostic criteria for GAD, although some previous researchers (e.g., Ruscio & Borkovec, 2004; Wells & Carter, 2001) have found evidence suggesting that such beliefs may be both characteristic of the disorder and possibly play a part in maintaining it. Given these previous suggestions, we included a further examination of this issue using an established questionnaire measure (Meta Cognitions Questionnaire; MCQ; Wells & Carter, 2001) to test the extent to which beliefs about worry distinguish those meeting GAD diagnosis on clinical interview from equally high worriers not so diagnosed. (4) Other emotional differences. High levels of anxiety and depression often accompany excessive worry, although again the question of whether or not such mood disturbances accompany all elevated worry states, perhaps as a consequence of worry itself, or are more likely to occur in those meeting current criteria for GAD as assessed by clinical interview has not previously been examined. It is possible that it is only the emotional symptoms that are presently required for diagnosis of GAD which distinguish those meeting diagnostic criteria for GAD from others with equally intrusive and uncontrollable worries about similarly diverse topics. We assessed this possibility by comparing GAD and matched high worriers using standard questionnaire measures of trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Trait version; STAI-T; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI; Beck & Steer, 1987). (5) Finally, not all those meeting criteria for GAD enter or even seek treatment and it is unclear how those not seeking help differ from similarly diagnosed groups in treatment, or for that matter from high worriers not so diagnosed. Little is known about the factors influencing individuals with similar symptoms to enter treatment or otherwise, but one obvious possibility is that those seeking treatment are experiencing greater severity in the worry-related or emotional symptoms discussed above. Another previously suggested hypothesis to be tested here is that the perceived failure of control over intrusive negative thoughts in worry is the critical factor leading high worriers to seek help (Mathews, 1990).