دانلود رایگان مقاله انگلیسی شبکه های تحویل محتوی: میزان پیشرفت، بینش ها و ضرورت ها به همراه ترجمه فارسی
عنوان فارسی مقاله | شبکه های تحویل محتوی: میزان پیشرفت، بینش ها و ضرورت ها |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله | Content Delivery Networks: State of the Art, Insights, and Imperatives |
رشته های مرتبط | مهندسی کامپیوتر و فناوری اطلاعات، مهندسی نرم افزار، اینترنت و شبکه های گسترده، معماری سازمانی و شبکه های کامپیوتری |
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نشریه | اسپرینگر – Springer |
مجله | شبکه های تحویل محتوا – Content Delivery Networks |
سال انتشار | 2014 |
کد محصول | F545 |
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فهرست مقاله: 1-1.مقدمه 1-2.مرور اجمالی 1-2-1 اصطلاحات 1-2-2 اجزای CDN 1-3.پیش زمینه و سیستم های مربوطه 1-3-1 تکامل CDN ها 1-3=2 سیستم های مرتبط 1-3-2-1 شبکه های داده ها 1-3-2-2 دیتابیس های توزیعی 1-3-2-3 شبکه های P2P 1-4.اطلاعات CDN ها 1-4-1 مقیاس پذیری 1-4-2 امنیت 1-4-3 اطمینان پذیری، حساسیت و عملکرد CDN1-5. های موجود: پیشرفته 1-5-1 CDN های تجاری 1-5-1-1 آکامی 1-5-1-2 EdgeStream 1-5-1-3 شبکه های لایم لایت 15-1-4 تصویر معکوس 1-5-2 CDN اکادمیک 1-5-2-1 CoDeeN 1-5-2-2- CORAL 1-5-2-3 Globule 1-6-1 شبکه محتوی واحد 1-6-2 محتوی پویا 1-6-3 سرویس های وب 1-6-4 معماری سرویس گرا 1-7.تحقیقات آینده 1-7-2 استقرار مکانیسم های بازاری 1-7-3 یک CDN تطبیقی برای استریمینگ رسانه ای 1-7-4 CDN پویا 1-7-5 توزیع محتوی از طریق شبکه بندی وواسطه گری نتیجه گیری |
بخشی از ترجمه فارسی مقاله: 1-1 مقدمه |
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی: 1.1 Introduction Over the last decades, users have witnessed the growth and maturity of the Internet which has caused enormous growth in network traffic, driven by the rapid acceptance of broadband access, the increases in systems complexity, and the content richness. The over-evolving nature of the Internet brings new challenges in managing and delivering content to users, since for example, popular Web services often suffer congestion and bottlenecks due to the large demands posed on their services. Such a sudden spike in Web content requests (e.g. the one occurred during the 9/11 incident in USA) is often termed as flash crowds [14] or SlashDot [11] effects. It may cause heavy workload on particular Web server(s), and as a result a “hotspot” [14] can be generated. Coping with such unexpected demand causes significant strain on a Web server and eventually the Web servers are totally overwhelmed with the sudden increase in traffic, and the Web site holding the content becomes temporarily unavailable. A Content Delivery Network (CDN) [47, 51, 54, 61, 63] is a collaborative collection of network elements spanning the Internet, where content is replicated over several mirrored Web servers in order to perform transparent and effective delivery of content to the end users. Collaboration among distributed CDN components can occur over nodes in both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. CDNs have evolved to overcome the inherent limitations of the Internet in terms of user perceived Quality of Service (QoS) when accessing Web content. They provide services that improve network performance by maximizing bandwidth, improving accessibility, and maintaining correctness through content replication. The typical functionalities of a CDN include: • Request redirection and content delivery services, to direct a request to the closest suitable CDN cache server using mechanisms to bypass congestion, thus overcoming flash crowds [14] or SlashDot [11] effects. • Content outsourcing and distribution services, to replicate and/or cache content from the origin server to distributed Web servers. • Content negotiation services, to meet specific needs of each individual user (or group of users). • Management services, to manage the network components, to handle accounting, and to monitor and report on content usage. The major application domains of CDNs are public content networking services, enterprise content networks, and edge services. As CDNs being a thriving research field, advances, solutions, and new capabilities are being introduced constantly. Therefore, in this chapter, we capture a “snapshot” of the state of the art at the time of writing this book. However, it can be expected that the core information and principles presented in this chapter will remain relevant and useful for the readers. The remainder of this chapter is structured as follows: we start with providing an overview of CDNs. Next we describe the background highlighting the evolution of CDNs and identify uniqueness of CDNs from other related distributed computing paradigms. In Sect. 1.4 we provide insights for CDNs. The state of the art in CDN landscape is presented in Sect. 1.5. Our visions about future technological evolutions in CDNs domain follows next, along with a research roadmap in Sect. 1.7 by exploring future research directions. Finally, Sect. 1.8 concludes the chapter. 1.2 Overview Figure 1.1 shows the model of a CDN where the replicated Web server clusters spanning the globe are located at the edge of the network to which end users are connected. A CDN distributes content to a set of Web servers, scattered over the globe, for delivering content to end users in a reliable and timely manner. The content is replicated either on-demand when users request for it, or it can be replicated beforehand, by pushing the content to the distributed Web servers. A user is served with the content from the nearby replicated Web server. Thus, the user ends up unknowingly communicating with a replicated CDN server close to it and retrieves files from that server. 1.2.1 Terminologies In the context of CDNs, content delivery describes an action of servicing content based on end user requests. Content refers to any digital data resources and it consists of two main parts: the encoded media and metadata [53]. The encoded media includes static, dynamic, and continuous media data (e.g. audio, video, documents, images and Web pages). Metadata is the content description that allows identification, discovery, and management of multimedia data, and facilitates its interpretation. Content can be pre-recorded or retrieved from live sources; it can be persistent or transient data within the system [53]. CDNs can be seen as a new virtual overlay to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network reference model [32]. This layer provides overlay network services relying on application layer protocols such as Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) for transport [26]. |